Table of Contents
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ČĀY
Daniel Balland and Marcel Bazin
shrub of the genus Camellia and beverage made from its leaves, probably the most popular drink throughout the Iranian world. It is not known when Persians first became acquainted with the beverage. Bīrūnī, in his Ketāb al-ṣaydana, written in the first half of the 11th century, gave some details about the plant čāy and its use as a beverage in China and Tibet.
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ČĒČAST
Aḥmad Tafażżolī
a mythical lake in eastern Iran, later identified in the Pahlavi and Persian sources with Lake Urmia in Azerbaijan.
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CEDRENUS, GEORGIUS
James R. Russell
twelfth-century Byzantine historian who edited the Synopsis Historiōn of John Skylitzēs.
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ČEGEL
Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yūsofī
(Jekel), name of a Turkish people in Central Asia known in Persian poetry for the extraordinary beauty of their youths.
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ČEGĪNĪ
Pierre Oberling
or Čeganī, a tribe that originated in northwestern Persia but is now scattered in Luristan, the Qazvīn region, and Fārs.
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ČEHEL SOTŪN, ISFAHAN
Ingeborg Luschey-Schmeisser
Safavid royal palace used for coronations and the reception of foreign embassies. It stands in the center of a large garden between the Meydān-e Šāh and the Čahārbāḡ. The layout of these gardens, with three walks shaded by plane trees, dates from the period of Shah ʿAbbās I (r. 1588-1629).
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ČEHEL SOTŪN, KABUL
Nancy H. Dupree
palace on a small, terraced hill rising at the southern end of a 30-acre walled garden about six miles south of the city center. According to a commemorative marble plaque at the base of the hill the cornerstone of the palace was laid in 1888, and the palace was completed as a seat for Prince Ḥabīb-Allāh three years later.
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ČEHEL SOTŪN, QAZVIN
Wolfram Kleiss
a Safavid pavilion that stands amid gardens in the central meydān (square) of the old city and in which the Qazvīn museum is installed.
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ČEHEL TANĀN
Kerāmat-Allāh Afsar
(“the forty dervishes,” popularly called Čeltan), a minor takīya (monastery) situated in the northeastern section of Shiraz, a short distance north of the tomb of Ḥāfeẓ and south of Haft Tanān (“the seven dervishes”).
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ČEHEL ṬŪṬĪ
Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yūsofī
(forty parrot [stories]), the designation of collections of entertaining stories about the wife of a merchant and a pair of parrots, several versions of which are current in Persia and which are derived from older collections called ṭūṭī-nāmas (book of the parrots).
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ČEHR
Bruce Lincoln
two homographic neuter substantives čiθra- in Avestan, one meaning “face, appearance,” which is translated in Pahlavi as paydāg, and another rendered in Pahlavi as tōhmag and denoting “origin, lineage,” as well as “seed,” although the latter sense is attested only in compounds.
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ČEHRANEMĀ
Nassereddin Parvin
(lit. “mirror”), the name of an illustrated Persian newspaper and periodical published in Egypt (1322-1338 Š./1904-59, with interruptions).
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ČELEBĪ, ʿĀREF
Tahsin Yazici
(670-719/1272-1320), the son of Bahāʾ-al-Dīn Solṭān Walad and the grandson of Mawlānā Jalāl-al-Dīn Moḥammad Rūmī.
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ČELEBĪ, FATḤ-ALLĀH ʿĀREF
Tahsin Yazici
10th/16th-century poet and author of a Šāh-nāma (Solaymān-nāma) extolling the Ottoman rulers.
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ČELLA
Mahmoud Omidsalar, Hamid Algar
term referring to any forty-day period. i. In Persian folklore. ii. In Sufism.
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ČELOW
Cross-Reference
See BERENJ “rice” i. In Iran, sec. “Rice in the Iranian diet. ”
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ČELOW-KABĀB
Ṣoḡrā Bāzargān
a popular Persian dish which consists of cooked rice (čelow; see berenj) and a variety of broiled (kabāb, see below) mutton or veal (though less popular) and is served with butter, egg yolk, powdered sumac, raw onions, broiled tomatoes, and fresh sweet basil.
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CEMETERIES
Mahmoud Omidsalar
(qabrestān, gūrestān) in Persian folklore; cemeteries are found both inside and outside cities and villages, usually close to a holy shrine, or emāmzāda, in order to partake of its blessing.
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ČEMĪKENT
Cross-Reference
See ASFĪJĀB.
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ČENĀR
Hūšang Aʿlam
“Oriental plane (tree),” indigenous from southeastern Europe to the Iranian plateau. In Persia proper, spontaneous planes have been observed by botanists. Cultivated planes are popular as ornamental or shade trees.
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