Table of Contents

  • CALMEYER, Peter

    W. Kleiss and A. Shapur Shahbazi

    German archaeologist and Iranologist (b. 5 September 1930 in Halle, d. 22 November 1995 in Berlin).

  • ČĀLŪS

    Bernard Hourcade

    a small town in western Māzandarān (šahrestān of Nowšahr, baḵš of Čālūs) located about 8 km from the Caspian coast at an elevation of 7 m.

  • CAMA ORIENTAL INSTITUTE

    M. F. Kanga, Kaikhusroo M. JamaspAsa

    (K. R. Cama Oriental Institute), a research institute in Bombay established in memory of the Parsi orientalist, teacher, and social reformer Kharshedji Rustomji Cama, inaugurated 18 December 1916.

  • CAMA, KHARSHEDJI RUSTAMH

    James R. Russell

    (1831-1909), Parsi Zoroastrian scholar and community leader. Cama worked for the organization of Parsi madres­sas (madrasas), and his consultation was sought also in the establishment of Hindu and Muslim schools. He was associated with the University of Bombay.

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  • CAMBADENE

    A. Shapur Shahbazi

    the name of a region (dahyāuš) in ancient Media and present Persian Kurdistan.

  • CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF IRAN

    Hubert S. G. Darke

    a survey of the history and historical geography of the land which is present-day Iran, as well as other territories inhabited by peoples of Iranian descent, from prehistoric times up to the present in seven volumes (vol. III being a double volume), published 1968 to 1989.

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  • CAMBYSENE

    Marie Louise Chaumont

    Whether or not Cambysene was part of the Achaemenid Empire is unknown. When the Artaxid dynasty of Armenia was at the peak of its power this region was one of its provinces or districts; it remained so until it was conquered by the Albanians, probably after the defeat of Tigranes the Great in 69 b.c.

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  • CAMBYSES

    Muhammad A. Dandamayev

    (OPers. Kambūǰiya-, Elamite Kanbuziya, Akkadian Kambuziya, Aram. Knbwzy), the name of two kings of the Achaemenid dynasty.

  • ČAMČAMĀL

    Abdollah Mardukh

    (Kurdish čam “river” and Čamāl/Jamāl, personal name; in the sources also writ­ten Jamjamāl), a fertile dehestān of Ṣaḥna baḵš in Kermānšāhān (Bāḵtarān) province located to the south and west of Ṣaḥna on the Kermānšāh-Hamadān road and watered by Gāmāsb and Dīnavar rivers.

  • CAMEL

    Richard W. Bulliet, Moḥammad-Nāṣer Ḡolāmreżaʾī, Eqbāl Yaḡmāʾī, Mahmoud Omidsalar

    (šotor). Artifacts from ancient Iran indicate that only the Bactrian camel was part of the native fauna of greater Iran, though it was probably not numerous. Possibly the earliest evidence is a painted image on a ceramic shard from Tepe Sialk, probably datable between 3000 and 2500 B.C.

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  • CAMEL THORN

    Hūšang Aʿlam

    (Alhagi Adans. spp.), common name for wild thorny suffrutescent plants of the Papilionaceae family, called šotor-ḵār and ḵār-e šotor (lit. “camel’s thorn”) in Persian.

  • CAMERON, GEORGE GLENN

    Gernot L. Windfuhr

    philologist and his­torian, b. 30 July 1905 in Washington, Pennsylvania, d. 14 September 1979 in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

  • CAMPBELL, JOHN

    Kamran Ekbal

    (1799-1870), British envoy to Persia, 1830-35.

  • CAMPBELL, JOHN NICHOLL ROBERT ii. The Archives

    Roya Arab

    (1799-1870), British envoy to Iran from 1831 to 1835. The archives left behind by Campbell provide scholars with a comprehensive first-hand account of British and foreign involvement in Iran and Central Asia in the 1800s.

  • CAMPHOR

    Hūšang Aʿlam

    a strong-smelling volatile white solid essential oil obtained from two genera of the camphor tree and used from ancient times in Persia as an aromatic with antiseptic and insect-repelling properties.

  • ČAMRŪŠ

    Alan V. Williams

    a mythical bird that in the Pahlavi books, of all birds of land and sky, is second only to the Sēn bird in worth.

  • CANADA i. Iranian Studies in

    Colin Paul Mitchell

    several factors in the last half-century have led to a rapid expansion of Iranian studies in Canada in the fields of history, literature, language, philosophy, religion, art history, and archaeology.

  • CANADA v. Iranian Community in Canada

    M. Mannani, N. Rahimieh, K. Sheibani

    Canada remains among the most popular destinations for Iranians seeking to emigrate, and Iranian immigrants to Canada are the fifth most numerous of any nationality.

  • ČANDARBHĀN BARAHMAN

    Cross-Reference

    See ČANDRA BHĀN BARAHMAN.

  • CANDLE

    Mahmoud Omidsalar, J. T. P. de Bruijn

    (Pers.-Ar. šamʿ); the Arabic word literally means “beeswax."