Table of Contents
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ČAHĀR AYMĀQ
Cross-Reference
See AYMĀQ.
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ČAHĀR BĀḠ
Cross-Reference
See ČAHĀRBĀḠ.
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ČAHĀR DOWLĪ
Pierre Oberling
(Davālī), or ČĀR DOWLĪ, a tribe of western Iran.
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ČAHĀR LANG
cross-reference
(ČĀR LANG). See BAḴTĪĀRĪ TRIBE i.
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ČAHĀR MAḤĀ(L) WA BAḴTĪĀRĪ
Eckart Ehlers and Hūšang Kešāvarz
second smallest province (ostān) of Persia in area, located in the Zagros mountains of southwestern Persia.
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ČAHĀR MAQĀLA
Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yūsofī
persian prose work written in the 6th/12th century by Abu’l-Ḥasan Neẓām-al-Dīn (or Najm-al-Dīn) Aḥmad b. ʿOmar b. ʿAlī Neẓāmī ʿArūżī Samarqandī, originally entitled Majmaʿ al-nawāder.
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ČAHĀR ONṢOR
Sharif Husain Qasemi
(Four elements), an autobiographical work in prose by the poet and Sufi Abu’l-Maʿānī Mīrzā ʿAbd-al-Qāder Bīdel.
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ČAHĀR-BAYTI
Cross-Reference
See DO-BAYTI.
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ČAHĀRBĀḠ
David Stronach
lit. “four gardens,” a rectangular garden divided by paths or waterways into four symmetrical sections.
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ČAHĀRBĀḠ-E EṢFAHĀN
Roger M. Savory
the name of a broad avenue which was a key feature of the city of Isfahan as replanned by Shah ʿAbbās I after he had designated the city the new capital of the Safavid state in 1006/1597-98.
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ČAHĀRBĀḠ-E GARRŪS
Moḥammad Dabīrsīāqī
(ČĀRBĀḠ-E GARRŪS), a park no longer in existence in the south of the town of Bījār, center of Garrūs šahrestān in Persian Kurdistan.
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ČAHĀRBĀḠ-E MAŠHAD
Ḡolām-Ḥosayn Yūsofī
name of a royal garden and palace at Mašhad; under the Qajars and up to the present time it has been the name of an old quarter in the city.
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ČAHĀRDAH MAʿṢŪM
Hamid Algar
the fourteen inerrant or immaculate personages venerated by Twelver Shiʿites, i.e., the Prophet Moḥammad, his daughter Fāṭema, and the twelve imams.
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ČAHĀRGĀH
Bruno Nettl
the name of one of the twelve dastgāhs (modes) of traditional Persian music in the 14th/20th century.
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ČAHĀRJŪY
Cross-reference
See ĀMOL.
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ČAHĀRMEŻRĀB
Jean During
a genre of traditional rhythmic instrumental music.
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ČAHĀRŠANBA-SŪRĪ
Manouchehr Kasheff and ʿAlī-Akbar Saʿīdī Sīrjānī
(usually pronounced Čāršamba-sūrī), the last Wednesday of the Persian solar year, the eve of which is marked by special customs and rituals, most notably jumping over fire.
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ČAHĀRṬĀQ
Dietrich Huff, Bernard O’Kane
literally “four arches,” a modern term for an equilateral architectural unit consisting of four arches or short barrel vaults between four corner piers, with a dome on squinches over the central square. this unit became the most prominent element in traditional Iranian architecture after the ayvān.
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ČAHĀRTĀR
Jean During
(lit. four-strings), a musical instrument belonging to the family of long-necked lutes.
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ČAHRĪQ
Amir Hassanpour, Juan R. I. Cole
a dehestān, village, and fortress in Salmās (Šāhpūr in the Pahlavi period) šahrestān in Azerbaijan between Ḵᵛoy and Urmia.