Table of Contents
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ACHMA
R. E. Emmerick
(a Turkish word meaning “opening”), a town in the Domoko (Dumaqu) oasis near Khotan, so named with reference to the local springs.
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ĀÇINA
M. A. Dandamayev
son of Upadarma, a rebel against Darius I.
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ĀÇIYĀDIYA
R. Schmitt
(a-ç-i-y-a-di-i-y-), name of the ninth month (November-December) of the Old Persian calendar.
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ACKERMAN, PHYLLIS
Cornelia Montgomery
(b. Oakland, California, 1893; d. Shiraz, 25 January 1977), author, editor, teacher and translator in the fields of Persian textiles, European tapestries, Chinese bronzes, iconography, and symbolism.
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ACTA ARCHELAI
Cross-Reference
See ARCHELAUS.
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ACTS OF ĀDUR-HORMIZD AND OF ANĀHĪD
J. P. Asmussen
Syriac martyrological texts. Their events are set in the year 446 A.D., during the reign of Yazdegerd II; and they were apparently recorded not long afterward. They offer more detailed data on Zoroastrianism and Zurvanism, even though in a somewhat corrupted form, than is commonly found in the records of the Christian martyrs of the Sasanian empire.
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ACTS OF THE PERSIAN MARTYRS
A. Vööbus
a collection of the acts of martyrdom under Šāpūr II (309-79 CE). The author states that the text is not a free composition for glorification of the martyrs, but rather rests on information he gathered from those close to the actual happenings—even eyewitnesses.
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ĀDĀ
J. Duchesne-Guillemin
“requital” in Avestan.
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ADAB
Multiple Authors
Term applied to a genre of literature as well as to refined and well-mannered conduct; in Persian it is often synonymous with farhang.
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ADAB i. Adab in Iran
Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh
Apart from a genre of literature (see section ii), adab in Persian means education, culture, good behavior, politeness, proper demeanor; thus it is closely linked with the concept of ethics.