L~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS

list of all the figure and plate images in the letter L entries.

 

L ENTRIES: CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS

 

online entry

caption text

LAYARD, AUSTEN HENRY

Figure 1. Henry Layard. Undated woodburytype, published in Men of Mark: A Gallery of Contemporary Portraits of Men Distinguished in the Senate, the Church, in Science, Literature and Art, the Army, Navy, Medicine, etc., photographed from life by Whitfield and Lock, with brief biographical notices by Thompson Cooper, vol. II, London, 1877 (reduced, orig. length 28 cm). Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum.

LENTZ, OTTO HELMUT WOLFGANG

Figure 1. Photograph of Otto Helmut Wolfgang Lentz.

LEOPARD

Figure 1. Persian leopard, a three-year old male (photograph by E. Firouz, 1972).

LEWIS, DAVID MALCOLM

Figure 1. Photograph of David Malcolm Lewis.

LION RUGS

Figure 1. Lion rug, Qašqāʾi, with inscription: "Ordered by Naṣr-Allāh Khan [in the] year [1]336 (1917)." 220 × 150 cm. Collection of Manijeh and Parviz Tanavoli.

LION RUGS

Figure 2. Lion rug, Qašqāʾi, mid-19th century. 211 × 111 cm. Collection of Manijeh and Parviz Tanavoli.

LION RUGS

Figure 3. Lion rug, Qašqāʾi (Kashkuli), dated 1300/1882. 215 × 150 cm. Collection of Manijeh and Parviz Tanavoli.

LION TOMBSTONES

Figure 1. Headless lion tombstone at Ḵezr-e zenda shrine in Lāli, Khuzestan.

LION TOMBSTONES

Figure 2. Drawings of some lion head designs found in the Lāli Plateau, Khuzestan. Top Row, from left to right: Ḵezr-e zenda, Naqö-e jahān, Sar-e mazār-e čāh. Middle Row, from left to right: Ḵezr-e zenda, Konārčāh, Ḵezr-e zenda. Bottom Row, from left to right: Tang-e Bābā Aḥmad, Tang-e hāti, Ḵezr-e zenda.

LION TOMBSTONES

Figure 3. Drawings of some of the motifs found on the flanks of lion tombstones.

LITERACY CORPS

Figure 1. Two literacy corpsmen on the way to the villages. Courtesy of the author.

LITERACY CORPS

Figure 2. Two literacy corpswomen. Courtesy of the author.

LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia

Figure 1. The title page of the Dalāʾel al-ḵayrāt of Abu ʿAbd-Allāh Moḥammad b. Solaymān Jazuli; Tashkent, printing house of Kamensky brothers, 1893.

LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia

Figure 2. The title page of the Molaḵḵaṣ al-ansāb of Ḵᵛāja Mofti al-Musawi al-Rażawi al-Samarqandi; Samarqand, printing house of Demurov, 1326/1908.

LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia

Figure 3. The title page for the Aḥādiṯ al-aʿmāl (anonymous); Bukhara, 1330/1912.

LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia

Figure 4. The head-piece (ʿonwān) of the Ṣalāt-e Masʿudi of Masʿud b. Maḥmud Samarqandi; Tashkent, printing house of Ilʾyin, 1321-22/1904.

LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia

Figure 5. The head-piece (ʿonwān) of the Nafaḥāt al-ons of ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān Jāmi; Tashkent, printing house of Portsev, 1915.

LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia

Figure 6. A page from the Nafaḥāt al-ons of ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān Jāmi; Tashkent, printing house of Portsev, 1915.

LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia

Figure 7. Golestān of Saʿdi with an Uzbek translation; Tashkent, “Ḡolāmiya” printing house of Arifdzhanov, 1328/1910.

LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia

Figure 8. An illustration from the Golestān of Saʿdi with an Uzbek translation, Tashkent; “Ḡolāmiya” printing house of Arifdzhanov, 1328/1910.

LITHOGRAPHY iii. In Central Asia

Figure 9. The head-piece (ʿonwān) of the Haft owrang of ʿAbd-al-Raḥmān Jāmi; Tashkent, printing house of Yakovlev, 1331/1913-14.

LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India

Figure 1. The title page of the Sekandar-nāma of Neẓāmi Ganjavi; Lucknow, “Ḥosayni” printing house of Mir Ḥasan Rażawi, 1843.

LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India

Figure 10. An illustration from the Maʿlumāt al-āfāq of Amin-al-Din Khan al-Ḥosayni al-Haravi; Lucknow, printing house of Munshi Nawal Kishor, 1873.

LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India

Figure 11. An illustration from the Majāles al-ʿoššāq ascribed to Solṭān-Ḥosayn Bāyqarā; Lucknow, printing house of Munshi Nawal Kishor, 1876.

LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India

Figure 2. The title page of the Majāles al-ʿoššāq ascribed to Solṭān-Ḥosayn Bāyqarā; Lucknow, printing house of Munshi Nawal Kishor, 1876.

LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India

Figure 3. The title page of the Dāstān-e Amir Ḥamza; Bombay, late 19th-early 20th century, published by Mirzā Moḥammad Malek-al-kottāb Širāzi.

LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India

Figure 4. The title page of the Maṯnawi-e maʿnawi of Jalāl-al-Din Rumi; Bombay, “Ḥeydari” printing house, 1292-94/1875-77.

LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India

Figure 5. The head-piece (ʿonwān) and the first page of the Maṯnawi-e maʿnawi of Jalāl-al-Din Rumi; Bombay, “Ḥeydari” printing house, 1292-94/1875-77.

LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India

Figure 6. Corrigenda for the Sekandar-nāma of Neẓāmi Ganjavi; Lucknow, “Ḥosayni” printing house of Mir Ḥasan Rażawi, 1843.

LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India

Figure 7. The colophon of the Maṯnawi-e maʿnawi of Jalāl-al-Din Rumi; Bombay, “Ḥeydari” printing house, 1292-94/1875-77.

LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India

Figure 8. An illustration from the first volume of the Šāh-nāma of Ferdowsi; Bombay, printing house of Dādu Miān, 1272/1855-56. Colours applied by hand at a later time.

LITHOGRAPHY ii. In India

Figure 9. An illustration for the ʿAjāʾeb al-maḵluqāt by Zakariyā b. Moḥammad Qazvini; Lucknow, printing house of Munshi Nawal Kishor, 1313/1895.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 1. Portrait of Mirzā ʿAbd-al-Wahhāb Maḵram Lesān-al-Molk by Ṣaniʿ-al-Molk. Farhang-e ḵodā-parasti, Tehran, State Printing House, 1281/1864.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 10. Title page of the Taḏkerat al-ḵaṭṭāṭin also known as Emteḥān al-fożalaʾ of Mirzā Sanglāḵ Dowrān; Tabriz, printing house of Karbalāʾi Asad Āqā, 1291-95/1874-78.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 11. Colophon of the Šāh-nāma of Ferdowsi; Tehran, printing house of Ḥājji ʿAbd-al-Moḥammad Rāzi, 1265-67/1848-51; reprint of the edition of the book-seller Moḥammad-Mahdi Eṣfahāni, made upon the order of the book-seller Ḥājji Moḥammad-Ḥosayn tājer Ṭehrāni; copyist Moṣṭafā-qoli b. Moḥammad-Hādi Solṭān Kajuri.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 12. Colophon of the Ḵamsa of Neẓāmi; Tehran, 1264/1848; copyist ʿAli-Asḡar Tafreöi; lithographer Moḥammad-Reżāʾ; painter Mirzā ʿAli-qoli Ḵoʾi.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 13. First page of the Maḵzan al-enšāʾ; Tehran, printing house of Āqā Sayyed Mahdi, 1285-86/1869; compiled and transcribed by Moḥammad-Reżāʾ b. Moḥammad-Raḥim Kalhor.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 14. Right side of the double-page frontispiece for the ʿEšq-nāma of Asad-Allāh Khan Ḡāleb; Tabriz, printing house of Āqā Reżāʾ, 1283/1866.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 15. Left side of the double-page frontispiece for the ʿEšq-nāma of Asad-Allāh Khan Ḡāleb; Tabriz, printing house of Āqā Reżāʾ, 1283/1866.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 2. First page of the Šāh-nāma of Ferdowsi with a head-piece (ʿonwān); Tehran, printing house of Āqā Mortaża, 1319-22/1901-05; edition initiated by Amir Bahādor Ḥosayn-Pāšā Khan; text prepared by Mubad ʿAbd-al-ʿAli Kāöāni; foreword by Moḥammad-Ṣādeq al-Ḥosayni Farāhāni; painters: Moṣawwer-al-Molk, Moḥammad-Kāẓem, Ḥosayn-ʿAli, ʿAliḵān; lithographers Mirzā Ḥosayn and Āqā Mirzā ʿAbbāsi; copyist Moḥammad-Ḥosayn ʿEmād-al-Kottāb.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 3. The title page of the Dāstān-e Amir Ḥamza; Bombay, late 19th-early 20th century, published by Mirzā Moḥammad Malek-al-kottāb äirāzi.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 4. The title page of the Maṯnawi-e maʿnawi of Jalāl-al-Din Rumi;Bombay, “Ḥeydari” printing house, 1292-94/1875-77.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 5. The head-piece (ʿonwān) and the first page of the Maṯnawi-e maʿnawi of Jalāl-al-Din Rumi; Bombay, “Ḥeydari” printing house, 1292-94/1875-77.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 6. Corrigenda for the Sekandar-nāma of Neẓāmi Ganjavi; Lucknow, “Ḥosayni” printing house of Mir Ḥasan Rażawi, 1843.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 7. Title page of the Ajmal al-tawāriḵ of Reżā-qoli Khan Hedāyat, published together with the ʿEšq-nāma and ḡazals of Asad-Allāh Khan Ḡāleb; Tabriz, printing house of Āqā Reżāʾ, 1283/1866. Copyist Moḥammad-ʿAli Tabrizi; publisher Karbalāʾi Moḥammad-Ḥosayn.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 8. First page of the first volume of the Taḏkerat al-ḵaṭṭāṭin or Emteḥān al-fożalaʾ of Mirzā Sanglāḵ Dowrān; Tabriz, printing house of Karbalāʾi Asad Āqā, 1291-95/1874-78.

LITHOGRAPHY i. In Persia

Figure 9. First page of the second volume of the Taḏkerat al-ḵaṭṭāṭin or Emteḥān al-fożalaʾ of Mirzā Sanglāḵ Dowrān; Tabriz, printing house of Karbalāʾi Asad Āqā, 1291-95/1874-78.

LIZARDS

Figure 1. Lizards: Laudakia caucasica. (S. C. Anderson photograph)

LIZARDS

Figure 2. Lizards: Uromastyx asmussi. (S. C. Anderson photograph)

LIZARDS

Figure 3. Lizards: Anguis fragilis. (S. C. Anderson photograph)

LIZARDS

Figure 4. Lizards: Eublepharis turcmenicus. (J. R. Macey photograph)

LIZARDS

Figure 5. Lizards: Asaccus elisae. (S. C. Anderson photograph)

LIZARDS

Figure 6. Lizards: Acanthodactylus grandis. (S. C. Anderson photograph)

LIZARDS

Figure 7. Lizards: Ophiomorus brevipes. (S. C. Anderson photograph)

LIZARDS

Figure 8. Lizards: Varanus griseus caspius. (Photograph by Masoud Yousefi)

LIZARDS

Figure 9. Lizards: Diplometopon zarudnyi.

LOCKHART, LAURENCE

Figure 1. Photograph of Laurence Lockhart.

LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN

Figure 1. Bronze lock, goat shape, 11-13th centuries. 4.5 × 4.5 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection)

LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN

Figure 2. Steel lock, lion shape, 15-16th centuries. 10 × 7 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection)

LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN

Figure 3. Combination lock, brass, copper, and steel, 15th-16th centuries. 14 × 9 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection)

LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN

Figure 4. Shrine lock, silver, 15th-16th centuries. 14 × 9 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection)

LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN

Figure 5. Shrine lock, steel, 16th-17th centuries. 9.5 × 5.5 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection)

LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN

Figure 6. Detail of the grillwork surrounding the tomb of Imam Reżā in Mashad. (Photograph by Parviz Tanavoli, 1974)

LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN

Figure 7. Talisman lock, steel, 19th-early 20th centuries. 9.5 × 5.5 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection)

LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN

Figure 8. Brass lock, lion shape, 17th-18th centuries. 4 × 5 cm. ((The Tanavoli Collection)

LOCKS AND LOCKSMITHS IN IRAN

Figure 9. Brass and steel lock, fish shape, 19th century. 6 × 3 cm. (The Tanavoli Collection)

LOCUST

Figure 1. Body of a female locust, Calliptamus italicus (L.), side view; left pairs of wings are removed. (After Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, Part 1, p. 3.) Legends: 1, front; 2, ocellus; 3, eye; 4, head; 5, thorax; 6, pronotum; 7, abdomen; 8, tympanic organ; 9, wings; 10, ovipositor; 11, tarsus; 12, tibia; 13, femur; 14, antenna.

LOCUST

Figure 2. A sketch of the structure of egg pods; Dociostaurus brevicollis (Ev.). left, and D. kraussi (Ing.), right, compared. (After Bei-Bienko & Mishchenko, Part 1, p. 26.) Legends: 1, lid; 2, foamy mass; 3, earthen walls; 4, membranous wall; 5, membranous divisions; 6, egg.

LOCUST

Figure 3. Gregarious immature adults of the Desert Locust. (Courtesy: Michel Lecog, CIRAD, France; Photographer: Michel Lecog)

LOCUST

Figure 4. A Desert Locust swarm acting like a fog by covering the Sun and reducing the visibility. (Courtesy: Michel Lecog, CIRAD, France; Photographer: Hans Brèdo)

LOCUST

Figure 5. The Moroccan Locust, adult. (Courtesy: Michel Lecog, CIRAD, France; Photographer: Antoine Foucart, CIRAD)

LOCUST

Figure 6. The Italian Locust, adult. (Courtesy: Michel Lecog, CIRAD, France; Photographer: Antoine Foucart, CIRAD)

LUKONIN, VLADIMIR GRIGORíEVICH

Figure 1. Photograph of Vladimir Grigoríevich Lukonin.

LURISTAN v. Religion, Rituals, and Popular Beliefs

Figure 1. Gravestone from Pela Kabud in the Holaylān valley, dated 1277/1860-61, covering the grave of Naẓarqoli. In the center of the stone is a panel with a geometric design, possibly a symbol representing the Garden of Eden (bāḡ-e behešt). At its base is a section with pictorial figures distinctive of a man: a prayer stone, a string of prayer beads, and a man’s comb, characterized by its half-globular shape. A poem is incised along the edge of the gravestone. (Photograph by the author, September 1977).

LURISTAN v. Religion, Rituals, and Popular Beliefs

Figure 2. A woman’s stele from Pela Kabud in the Holaylān valley, erected at the head of a grave, dated 1348/1929-30. Facing the grave is a motif typical of the woman’s life: a vertical loom with a half-finished carpet. Below the loom three women are shown, each with a weft-beater in her hand. (Photograph by the author, October 1974).

LURISTAN v. Religion, Rituals, and Popular Beliefs

Figure 3a. One face of a double-faced stele from Pela Kabud in the Holaylān valley, erected at the head of a man’s grave, dated 1274/1857. At one side is shown a mounted horseman accompanied by three tribesmen, each carrying a gun with a fixed bayonet. (Photograph by the author, October 1974).

LURISTAN v. Religion, Rituals, and Popular Beliefs

Figure 3b. The other face of the stele, associated with death and burial, shows a riderless horse with the weapons of the deceased: a gun, a sword, and a shield, tied to the high wooden saddle. Below this scene three mourning women are seen, their arms resting on each other’s shoulders. (Photograph by the author, October 1974).

LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research

Figure 1. Map of Luristan with the main Iron Age sites (drawing Erik Smekens).

LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research

Figure 2.  Luristan bronzes discovered during excavations at Bard-i Bal (axe 1, whetstones 5-6, idols 7-8, pendant 12), Kutal-i Gulgul (axe 2), War Kabud (axe-adze 4), Tattulban (idol 10), Khatunabad B (axe 3, idol 9), and Bab Djan (idol 11).

LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research

Figure 3.  Luristan horse bits with decorative cheek pieces in the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels.

LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research

Figure 4.  Luristan idols in the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels.

LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research

Figure 5. A Luristan halberd made of bronze (left) and one with an iron blade and bronze socket in the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels.

LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research

Figure 6. Decorated hilt of an iron sword (Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels).

LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research

Figure 7. Lion-headed pins in bronze (top), bronze and iron {middle), and iron (bottom)  in the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels.

LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research

Figure 8. Bronze pins with large decorated sheet metal and cast pinheads in the collection of the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels.

LURISTAN BRONZES i. The Field Research

Figure 9. Plan and burial goods, including an idol, of a tomb at Tattulban (Pusht-i Kuh) dating from the beginning of the Iron Age III.

LURISTAN BRONZES ii. Chronology

Figure 1. Reconstruction of a broken up Luristan quiver plate (after Amiet, 1976, cat. 197 and Y. and A. Godard, 1954, pl. 19). Upper part in the DÈpartment des Antiquités Orientales, Musée du Louvre (formerly D. David-Weill collection; acquired by D. David-Weill in 1939); lower part in the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels (formerly E. Graeffe collection, acquired by E, Graeffe between 1936 and 1945).

LURISTAN BRONZES ii. Chronology

Figure 2. Luristan pastiches: idols fixed to supports by inserting clothing pins (after Godard, 1931, pls. LII, LIV).

LURISTAN BRONZES ii. Chronology

Figure 3. Luristan pastiche: a bronze bowl mounted on a stand and fitted with idol fragments, exhibited at the 1931 exhibition at Burlington House, London (after Potratz, 1963, pl. XLIII).

LUSCHEY, HEINZ

Figure 1. Photograph of Heinz Luschey.

(Cross-Reference)

Originally Published: January 1, 2000

Last Updated: August 26, 2015