ḤAYDAR MIRZĀ ṢAFAVI, Safavid prince who considered himself to be the chosen successor of his father, Shah Ṭahmāsb, but was killed immediately after the latter’s death on 15 Ṣafar 984/14 May 1576. When Shah Ṭahmāsb died, there was confusion at the court regarding the question of succession. The Shah’s eldest son, Moḥammad Ḵodā-banda, was almost totally blind, and was therefore deemed unfit to rule, while his second son, Esmāʿil Mirzā, had been kept prisoner at the Qahqaha fortress (about 150 miles to the north of Tabriz), having displeased his father in his youth. As Shah Ṭah-māsb’s third son, Ḥaydar Mirzā thought he could fill the vacuum: “With the approbation of his mother, he took his place next to his father’s sick bed; and as a result of imaginary desires and devilish delusions he claimed supreme power” (Rumlu, p. 601). Or as Eskandar Beg put it, “With the arrogance of youth, and natural ambition, he considered himself the heir-apparent” (p. 133; tr. Savory, p. 215).
With his two elder brothers out of contention, Ḥaydar Mirzā ingratiated himself with his father. In his dotage the Shah was unable to perform his royal duties, and so Ḥaydar Mirzā took on the role of his substitute, which implied that he was Ṭahmāsp’s preferred successor. However, even though a will was produced in the eleventh hour to confirm this, it was too late for the prince. Ḥaydar Mirzā was at the palace when his father died. As a result of factional rivalries among the Qezelbāš supporters of the Safavid throne, and the unusual role played by his sister, Pari-Ḵān Ḵānom, who secretly supported their brother Esmāʿil Mirzā, Ḥaydar failed to secure the palace grounds. This enabled the opposition forces to storm the palace and sieze Ḥaydar, who was hiding in the women’s quarters. Thus, at the age of twenty-two, Ḥaydar Mirzā was brutally killed, and his body was mutilated.
Bibliography:
All major Safavid chronicles refer to this incident, the most detailed being Eskandar Beg Monši, Tāriḵ-e ʿĀlamārā-ye ʿAbbāsi, ed. Iraj Afshar, Tehran, 1350 Š./1972, I, pp. 192 ff.; tr. Roger M. Savory as History of Shah ʿAbbas the Great, Boulder, 1978, I, pp. 283 ff.
Ḥasan Beg Rumlu, Aḥsan al-Tawāriḵ, ed. ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Navāʾi, Tehran, 1357 Š./1979, pp. 598 ff.
Moḥammad Yusof Vālah-e Eṣfahāni, Ḵold-e barin, ed. Hāšem Moḥaddeṯ, Tehran, 1372 Š./ 1994, especially “Ḥadiqa-ye sevvom,” pp. 487-557.
Uruch (Ulugh) Beg Bayāt, Don Juan of Persia, tr. and ed. Guy Le Strange, London, 1926, p. 128 ff. Browne, Lit. Hist. Persia IV, pp. 98 ff.
Roger Savory, Iran Under the Safavids, Cambridge, 1980, pp. 67 ff.
Shohreh Gholsorkhi, “Pari Khan Khanum: A Masterful Safavid Princess,” Iranian Studies 28, 1995, pp. 143-56.
The story of Ḥaydar Mirzā continued to attract the attention of later Persian historians, e.g., Ḥasan Fasāʾi, Fārs-nāma-ye Nāṣeri, Tehran, 1367 Š./1988, pp. 412 ff.
Reżāqoli Khan Hedāyat, Tāriḵ-e Rawżat al-Ṣafā-ye Nāṣeri, Tehran, 1339 Š./ 1961, VIII, p. 152 ff.
(Michel M. Mazzaoui)
Originally Published: December 15, 2003
Last Updated: March 20, 2012
This article is available in print.
Vol. XII, Fasc. 1, p. 70