EʿTEMĀD-AL-DAWLA (lit. “Confidant of the State”), an important title given to people in the administration favored by the court. Under the Safavids it was a title of the prime minister, and under the Qajars it was the highest administrative (dīvānī) title. See below and ALQĀB VA ʿANĀWĪN; see also SAFAVIDS.