BUSCARELLO DE GHIZOLFI, Genoese merchant and diplomat who served the il-khan Arḡūn (r. 683-90/1284-91). Buscarello belonged to a great family of Genoa that played an important role in the maritime trade of the city. He is mentioned for the first time in 1274 in connection with the arming of a galley; in 1279 he was with his brothers at Layas in Cilicia. Subsequently he seems to have entered the service of Arḡūn of Persia, who conferred upon him the title qūṛčī (quiver carrier).
In 1289 Arḡūn sent him as his ambassador to the pope and to the kings of France and England. In November or December 1289, Buscarello presented to Philip IV a letter offering to collaborate on a campaign against the Sultan of Egypt, envisioned for 1291; in January 1290, he presented another to Edward I in London. Bearing the replies from these sovereigns, he returned to Rome in December 1290. In 1291, he was at Genoa, from where he set out for Iran accompanied by an envoy from the king of England, Sir Geoffrey Langley. Buscarello’s nephew, Corrado de Ghizolfi, undertook to go from Samsūn on the Black Sea coast to seek a safe-conduct for the embassy, which reached Tabrīz in 1292. Buscarello was entrusted with a new mission by Ḡāzān Khan, to whom he had carried a letter from the pope in 1301. He brought letters from the khan and the patriarch of the Nestorians, Yahballah III, to Edward I, who replied to them on 12 March 1303. Buscarello then disappears from the documents; he certainly died before 1317. To honor his patron, Arḡūn, he named his son after him, but Argone de Ghizolfi does not seem to have visited Iran, which was closed to the Genoese in 1343. The Ghizolfis, nevertheless, remained very active in the Genoese maritime trade on the Black Sea; one of them was lord of Matrega, in the Kuban, when the Ottomans invaded that region (1475).
Bibliography:
C. Desimoni, “I conti dell’ambasciata al chan di Persia nel 1292,” Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria 13, 1877-84, pp. 537-698.
E. Haenisch, “Zu den Briefen der mongolischen Ilkhane Arghun und Öljeitü an den König Philipp den Schönen,” Oriens 2, 1949, 219-29.
L. Petech, “Les marchands italiens dans l’empire mongol,” Journal asiatique 201, 1962, pp. 549-74.
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بوشارللو دو قیزولفی |
(Jean Richard)
Originally Published: December 15, 1990
Last Updated: December 15, 1990
This article is available in print.
Vol. IV, Fasc. 6, p. 569