About fifty species of ʿadas-e waḥšī (Vicia) grow in Iran, including the following: Gāvdāna, bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia), cultivated in many places and considered a good forage. Bāqalā, horse bean, lima bean, or broad lima bean (Vicia faba), a native of Iran and universally cultivated. Māšak, tiny vetch (Vicia hirsuta), a good fodder. ʿAdas-e waḥšī-e maʿmūlī, common or spring vetch (Vicia sativa), a winter annual known as tares, native to Eurasia. It grows wild in the north and west of Iran and is cultivated for hay, silage, green feed, pasture, and seed. ʿAdas-e korkdār, hairy or winter vetch (Vicia villosa), a native of Iran, found in the north, northwest, west, east, and central parts of the country and utilized mainly for seed and green manure. ʿAdas-mūšūk or mūšūk (Vicia peregrina), growing in the north, west, northwest and central parts of the country. ʿAdas-e waḥšī-e Īrān, Persian vetch (Vicia persica), in the north and northwest. ʿAdas-e zard or ḵolar, yellow vetch (Vicia lutea), in the littoral of the Caspian sea. ʿAdas-e Ḵazar, Caspian vetch (Vicia hyrcanica), in the north, west, and northwest. Jūrvāǰūr ʿadas (Vicia variegata), called zabān vāš in Lāhīǰān and molholī in Khorasan. ʿAdas-e barg bārīk, bramble vetch (Vicia tenuifolia), called māšaka in Ardahāl and mūšūkū in Jahrom.
Bibliography
A. Parsa, Flore de l’Iran II, Tehran, 1948, pp. 439-56; VII, 1959, pp. 204-05.
