Mortażāqolī Khan (1876?-1961 ), one of the last Baḵtīārī chiefs to have played an important political role. The only son of Najafqolī Khan Ṣamṣām-al-Salṭana (q.v.) and grandson of Emāmqolī Khan, known as Ḥājī Īlḵānī, he was īlbegī, īlḵānī, and ḥākem of the Baḵtīārī tribe from 1925 to 1945. During this period he was a witness to all the stages of the transformation of the administration of the tribe: the abolition of the titles īlbegī and īlḵānī in 1933, the division of the territory of the tribe between the two provinces of Isfahan and Ḵūzestān in 1936, and the creation of the governorate of Čahār Maḥāl and Baḵtīārī in 1943. In 1946, Mortażāqolī Khan, who had married a daughter of the Qašqāʾī chief Ṣawlat-al-Dawla, was together with the Qašqāʾī brothers one of the leaders of the tribal uprising in Fārs (1325 Š./1946), the so-called “southern movement” (nahżat-e jonūb). This was fomented by the English in order to organize the secession of the southern tribal provinces and led to the reorganization of the cabinet by Prime Minister Aḥmad Qawām (Qawām-al-Salṭana; cf. Homayounpour, pp. 20, 165). Ousted by his cousin and rival Abu’l-Qāsem Khan of the Īlḵānī branch, Mortażāqolī Khan then ceased to play any political role.