i. General Aramaic is the comprehensive name for numerous dialects of a Northwest Semitic language closely related to Hebrew and…

EBN QOTAYBA, ABŪ MOḤAMMAD ʿABD-ALLĀH b. Moslem DĪNAVARĪ, (213-276/828-889), important early philologist in the widest sense of the term and…

EBN ḴALDŪN, ABŪ ZAYD ʿABD-AL-RAḤMĀN b. Moḥammad (b. 1 Ramażān 732/27 May 1332; d. 26 Ramażān 808/17 March 1406), the…