I. POLITICAL AND LITERARY HISTORY Outline of political history. Although the Deccan was in commercial contact with Persia and Arabia…

FĀRŪQĪ DYNASTY OF KHANDESH (772-1009/1370-1601) “land of the khans” (< khan + Hindi dēš “land”), a small kingdom centered on...

EBRĀHĪM ŠĪRĀZĪ, RAFĪʿ-AL-DĪN (b. about 947/1540-41), historian of the ʿĀdelšāhī dynasty of Bījāpūr. He traveled from Persia to India as a…

JAWĀHER-E ḴAMSA, title of a Persian work on Sufi meditation practices composed by the well-known and controversial Šaṭṭārī saint, Moḥammad…