W. Montgomery Watt
- ABŪ ḤAYYĀN TAWḤĪDĪ
ABŪ ḤAYYĀN TAWḤĪDĪ, ʿALĪ B. MOḤAMMAD B. AL-ʿABBĀS, an outstanding man of letters and essayist of the Buyid period. He…
- ABŪ ʿĪSĀ WARRĀQ
ABŪ ʿĪSĀ MOḤAMMAD B. HĀRŪN AL-WARRĀQ, heretical theologian of the 3rd/9th century. His birthdate is unknown, and there are contradictory…
- ABŪ NAṢR AL-ESMĀʿĪLĪ
ABŪ NAṢR AL-ESMĀʿĪLĪ, an alleged teacher of Abū Ḥāmed Ḡazālī (450-505/1058-1111); it is not possible to identify him. A well-known…
- ABŪ ZAYD BALḴĪ
ABŪ ZAYD AḤMAD B. SAHL BALḴĪ, in his day a noted scholar in both Islamic and philosophical disciplines, but now…
- ʿASKARĪ, ABŪ HELĀL
ʿASKARĪ, ABŪ HELĀL ḤASAN B. ʿABDALLĀH B. SAHL, philologist and poet born about the middle of the 4th/10th century at…
- EBN ḴAMMĀR, ABU’L-ḴAYR ḤASAN
EBN ḴAMMĀR, ABU’L-ḴAYR ḤASAN b. Savār (or Sovār)b. Bābā b. Bahrām (or Behnām) Ḵᵛārazmī, philosopher. He was born in 331/942,…
- ḠAZĀLĪ, ABŪ ḤĀMED MOḤAMMAD ii. The Eḥyāʾ ʿolum al-dīn.
ii. THE EḤYĀʾ ʿOLŪM AL-DĪN Rightly regarded as the greatest work of Abū Ḥāmed Ḡazālī (450-505/1058-1111), Eḥyāʾ ʿolūm al-dīn was…