HODGSON, MARSHALL GOODWIN SIMMS (b. Richmond, Indiana, 11 April 1922; d. Chicago, 10 June 1968), prominent scholar of Islamic civilization and…

CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION iii. The Constitution The term for “constitution” in Persia, qānūn-e asāsī (lit. “fundamental law”), was borrowed from the…

CONSTITUTION OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC. The supplement (motammem) to the Constitution (Qānūn-e asāsī, lit. “fundamental law”) adopted in 1325/1907 had…

ISLAM IN IRAN vi. THE CONCEPT OF MAHDI IN SUNNI ISLAM The Savior is a descendant of the Prophet whose…

ḤOSAYN B. RUḤ, SHAIKH ABU’L-QĀSEM ḤOSAYN B. RUḤ B. ABI BAḤR NOWBAḴTI, also known as Ruhi, the third of the…

ḠAYBA (Pers. ḡaybat, lit: absence), term used by the Shiʿites to refer to the occultation of the Hidden Imam. The…