ERDMANN, KURT, leading historian of Sasanian and Islamic art (b. 9 September 1901 in Hamburg, d. 30 September 1964 in…

DIEZ, ERNST, Austrian historian of Iranian and Islamic art (b. 27 January 1878, d. 8 July 1961). Diez belonged to…

CRYSTAL, ROCK (bolūr, bolūr-e kūhī), a pure, transparent variety of quartz (SiO2; see, e.g., Encyclo­pedia Americana, s.v. quartz), usually called…

CTESIPHON (Ṭīsfūn), ancient city on the Tigris adjacent to the Hellenistic city of Seleucia, ca. 35 km south of the…

ČĀL TARḴĀN (Čāl Tarḵān-ʿEšqābād), a site about 20 km southeast of Ray with remains from the late Sasanian and early…

GLASS in Persia. Glass blowing was invented in the Syro-Palestinian region during the Parthian period in the mid-first century B.C.E….

GERMANY vi. COLLECTIONS AND STUDY OF PERSIAN ART IN GERMANY Until the 19th century, Persian works of art entered collections…

FLURY, SAMUEL (b. 20 April 1874 in Isabella, Brazil; d. 24 January 1935 in Basel, Switzerland), pioneer of Islamic paleographical studies (FIGURE…

STUCCO DECORATION IN IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE. Stucco (plaster, painted plaster, gačbori), a versatile medium of decoration, though not unknown in earlier…