EDUCATION iii. THE TRADITIONAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL (MAKTAB) Before the establishment of a modern educational system in Persia in the early…

JONG-E ESFAHĀN (Isfahan anthology), an independent, avant-garde literary periodical, established in Isfahan in 1965 by a circle of literary men,…

HOMĀY ČEHRZĀD (or Čehrāzād), a Kayānid queen; she was daughter, wife, and successor to the throne of Bahman, son of…

GORZ (or gorza; Av. vazra-, Mid. Pers. warz, Kurd. gurz “club, mace”), also referred to as gorz-e gāvsār/sar (ox-headed club/mace),…

ZARIRI, Moršed ʿAbbās (b. Isfahan 1909; d. Isfahan 1971), noted storyteller (naqqāl). He was orphaned at early childhood and grew…

PUYANDA, Moḥammad-Jaʿfar (b. Yazd, 17 Ḵordād 1333/7 June 1954; d. Tehran, 18 Āḏar 1377/9 December 1998, FIGURE 1), scholar and…

MIRʿALĀʾI, Aḥmad (b. Isfahan, 21 Farvardin 1321 Š./10 April 1942; d. 2 Ābān 1374 Š./24 October 1995, FIGURE 1), editor…