BARRASĪHĀ-ye TĀRĪḴĪ, a journal of historical studies of Iran published in Tehran during 1966-78. Its publication in March of 1966…

BĀMŠĀD, a Persian newspaper and a news and public affairs magazine published in Tehran 1956-68. Its licensee and chief editor…

BĀMDĀD-E ROWŠAN, a Persian journal of news and political comment published in Tehran from 16 Rabīʿ I 1339/1 February 1915…

BĀMDĀD, a weekly Persian newspaper published in Tehran from Šawwāl, 1325/November, 1907, by Anjoman-e Etteḥādīya-ye Markazī-e Aṣnāf (Council of the…

BALADĪYA (Municipality), the name or part of the name of several municipal newspapers and journals published in Iran and Afghanistan…

BĀḴTAR, the name of (1) a Persian educational magazine published at Isfahan in 1312 Š./1933-1314 Š./1935 and (2) a Persian…

ĀŽĪR “Alarm bell,” a radical leftist Persian newspaper which was printed at Tehran from Ḵordād, 1322 Š./May, 1943, to Ḵordād,…

ĀẔARBĀYJĀN (ĀḎARBĀY[E]JĀN), the title of a satirical-political journal published at Tabrīz in 1907. Among the many newspapers and periodicals published…

ĀŽANG (Wrinkle), a Persian newspaper which commenced publication in Esfand, 1332 Š./February, 1954, and lasted until 1353 Š./1974. The license-holder…

ĀZĀDĪSTĀN (ĀZĀDĪESTĀN), the title of a Persian educational magazine which came out at Tabrīz in Jawzā, 1299/June-August, 1920. The magazine…

ĀZĀDĪ (Freedom) was the name of the following Persian journals: (1) A journal published at Tehran during the estebdād-e ṣaḡīr…

ĀTAŠ (Fire), a Persian journal of news and political comment, published at Tehran 1325-39 Š./1946-60. Publication began on 29 Farvardīn…

ʿAṢR-E JADĪD (New era), the name of several journals and a magazine published in Iran at various times. 1. A…

ʿAṢR-E ENQELĀB, later ʿAHD-E ENQELĀB, a journal of news and political comment published at Tehran in 1333-1915. Both titles mean…

ĀŠOFTA, a Persian magazine published in Tehran 1325 Š./1946-1336 Š./1957. Launched in Farvardīn, 1325 Š./March, 1946 and then named Jong-e…

DĀNEŠKADA-YEEṢFAHĀN, a monthly literary journal and the organ of a society of the same name, published in two series in…

FARHANG O ZENDAGĪ, a periodical published in 28 issues from winter 1348 Š./1969 to spring 1357 Š./1978 by the Secretariat…

FARHANG-E ĪRĀN-ZAMĪN, a research quarterly first published in Tehran in Farvardīn 1332 Š./March 1953. Beginning with the fifth year, 1336…

EṬṬELĀʿĀT (lit.information, knowledge), the oldest running Tehran afternoon daily newspaper and the oldest running Persian daily in the world. It…

ŠARQ, a literary journal published in Tehran by Moḥammad Ramażāni (1904-67), the owner of the publishing firm Kolāla-ye ḵāvar. Some…

ŠAFAQ, a newspaper published in Tabriz from 28 Ramażān 1328 until 26 Ḏu’l-ḥejja 1329/3 October 1910-18 December 1911. It began…

ḤEKMAT, the first Persian-language newspaper to be published in an Arab country. It was published in Cairo from 28 Ṣafar…

ḤEFẒ AL-ṢEḤḤA, the first Iranian medical journal. This monthly journal was published between Ṣafar 1324/March 1906 and Šawwāl/November of the…

ḤAQIQAT, six different Persian-language newspapers or periodicals have been published under the title Ḥaqiqat (Truth), two of them in Tehran,…

ḤĀJI BĀBĀ, a satirical and politically critical newspaper, published in Tehran between 12 Mehr 1328 Š./4 October 1949 and 28…

ḤABIB AL-ESLĀM. Persian-language weekly newspaper published in Kabul. It replaced Amān-e afḡān, following the advent of (Ḥabib-Allāh) Bačča-ye Saqqā (q.v.)….

RAʿD (Thunder), the name of a newspaper published by Sayyed Żiyāʾ-al-Din Ṭabāṭabāʾi in Tehran, from 5 Āḏar 1292 to 28…

GOWHAR, a cultural journal published monthly from Bahman 1351/January 1973 to Day 1357/December 1978 (issue no. 72). It was a…

DEŽ, a weekly of news and politics associated with the Tudeh Party (see COMMUNISM ii) that began publication on 6…

JĀVID, ʿABD-AL-AḤMAD (b. Kabul, 9 Jaddi 1305/6 January 1927; d. London, 9 Asad 1381/31 July 2002; Figure 1), educator and…

RASTḴIZ (Resurrection): With the outbreak of the First World War, a group of Iranian expatriates in Europe, headed by Sayyed…

NĀMA-YE BĀNOVĀN (Women’s journal), a biweekly paper published in Tehran between 1 Mordād 1299 and 24 Khordād 1300 Š. (23…

NĀMA-YE BĀNOVĀN-E IRĀN (The journal of the women of Iran), a weekly paper published in Tehran from Farvard in 1317…

NASIM-e ŠEMĀL (in popular parlance, Nasim-e šomāl; Breeze of the North), one of the best-known and most popular periodicals in…

FARYĀD, the title of seven publications in Persian:   1. A paper published in Urmia from 21 Moḥarram 1325/6 March…

FĀRS,name of two newspapers published in Shiraz. 1. A weekly published from 20 Jomādā II through 12 Ḏu’l-qaʿda 1289/25 August…

FARHANG, the title of five newspapers and magazines printed in Persia and Europe. Presented chronologically they are: 1. Farhang or…

FELĀḤAT-E MOẒAFFARĪ, the first monthly magazine in Persia dealing with agricultural issues. The magazine commenced publication four months after the…

EṬṬELĀʿ, title of a Persian newspaper and a magazine. 1. A semi-official government weekly (sometimes biweekly) newspaper published in Tehran…

ETTEḤĀD, title of eleven Persian language newspapers.   1. A royalist weekly published in Tabrīz, one of three anti-Constitutionalist newspapers…

ETTEFĀQ-EKĀRGARĀN, a daily newspaper published by the striking print-workers union in Tehran in 1328/1910, one of the first labor or…

ETTEFĀQ-EESLĀM, “Islamic Solidarity,” a weekly government newspaper which began publication in Herat as of 1 Sonbola 1299 Š./24 August 1920;…

ETTEFĀQ, title of five Persian newspapers. 1. A constitutionalist newspaper published by Mīrzā Ḥabīb-Allāh Khan ʿAkkās-bāšī in Solṭānābād (later Arāk)…

ESTEQLĀL-e ĪRĀN, an evening daily published in Tehran from 22 Jomādā I 1328 to 22 Šaʿbān 1329 (31 May 1910-17…

ESTEQLĀL, newspaper published by the constitutionalists who had taken refuge in the Ottoman consulate in Tabrīz during the Russian occupation…

ESTAḴR, a newspaper published in Shiraz once a week from Asad 1297 Š./August 1918 until 1311 Š. /1932 (not 1306…

ESLĀMĪYA, title of two Persian newspapers first appearing in Tabrīz in 1324/1906. 1. A royalist newspaper published in lithograph in…

EṢLĀḤH, title of six Persian-language newspapers, three of which deserve notice.   1. A government news weekly published in Ḵānābād,…

ERŠĀD al-NESWĀN, the first women’s periodical in Afghanistan, published weekly in Kabul from 27 Ḥūt 1299 to 19 Ṯawr 1300…

ERŠĀD, title of two Persian newspapers and a magazine. 1. A Persian supplement (Waraqa-ye fārsī) to the Turkish newspaper Eršād…

ʿERFĀN, title of two Persian magazines and a newspaper. 1. The last title of a monthly magazine first published in…

EQDĀM, name of two separate series of a Persian newspaper published and edited in Tehran by the journalist, poet, novelist,…

ENQELĀB-EESLĀMĪ, a newspaper published by Abu’l-Ḥasan Banī-Ṣadr and supporting his political views. It was published in three runs. 1. A…

ʿELMO HONAR, title of two Persian magazines. 1. Literary and scientific monthly published in Berlin by Abu’l-Qāsem Woṯūq and edited…

EḤTĪĀJ, weekly newspaper published in Tabrīz by ʿAlīqolī Khan Tabrīzī, known as Ṣafarov, who had distributedpolitical šab-nāmas (lit. night letters)…

EBLĀḠ (lit. “communication”), title of five Persian language newspapers. 1. A Constitutionalist weekly published in Tabrīz by the printer Maḥmūd…

DŪRNEMĀ-YE ĪRĀN, weekly of politics and culture edited and published by the Persian writer, scholar, and filmmaker ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Sepantā (b….

DORRAT AL-NAJAF (Pearl of Najaf) ,monthly religious journal published in Persian at Najaf in southern Iraq at the end of…

DONYĀ-YE EMRŪZ (Today’s world), name of a weekly magazine published in Tehran and two weekly newspapers founded in Qazvīn and…

DONYĀ (lit., “The world”), name of several Persian journals and newspapers. 1. The earliest Donyā was a Marxist monthly journal…

DOḴTARĀN-E ĪRĀN (lit., “Daughters of Iran”), a monthly variety magazine for girls published in Shiraz from 1 Mordād 1310 Š./23…

DĪNWA’L-ḤAYĀT, AL-, a bi-weekly religious magazine published in Tabrīz, 1346-50/1928-31, replacing another Tabrīz religious magazine, Taḏakkorāt-e dīnī. Starting with its…

DAʿWAT-E ESLĀMĪ (The Islamic call), a monthly religious journal published in Kermānšāh from Jomādā II 1346/November-December 1927 to Tīr 1315…

DAʿWAT AL-ESLĀM, a biweekly Persian journal published in Bombay by Ḥājj Sayyed Moḥammad Dāʿī-al-Eslām from 1 Ramażān 1324/19 October 1906 until…

DĀRYĀ, a Tehran morning daily of news and politics, published with a number of interruptions from Ordībehešt 1323 Š./May 1944…

DĀNEŠ (lit., “knowledge”), title of seven newspa­pers and journals published in Persia and the Indian subcontinent, presented here in chronological…

DĀD (lit., “justice”), a Tehran afternoon newspaper issued daily from 20 Mehr 1321 Š./12 October 1942 to 27 Farvardīn 1340…

DABESTĀN (lit., “school”), Persian monthly cul­tural journal published in Mašhad in 1301-02 Š./1922-­23 and 1305-06 Š./1926-27. The first issue appeared…

ČEHRANEMĀ (lit. “mirror”), the name of an illustrated Persian newspaper and periodical published in Egypt (1322-1338 Š./1904-59, with interruptions), first…

BĪṬARAF (The impartial), a news and political affairs journal published in Persian and French in Tehran (1913-14). Bīṭaraf began as…

BĪDĀR (lit. awake), the name of three Persian periodicals, two of which were published in Tehran in 1923 and 1951…

BĪDĀRĪ (lit. wakefulness), the name of three Persian newspapers published in Tehran (1907), Rašt (1920), and Kermān (1923-53) and also…

BEŠĀRAT (Glad tidings), a weekly Persian journal of news and political comment published at Mašhad in 1325/1907. It was Mašhad’s…

BE SŪ-YE ĀYANDA (Toward the future), Per­sian daily newspaper and unofficial publicity organ of the Communist Ḥezb-e Tūda (Tudeh party;…

OḴOWWAT (Brotherhood), the name of four newspapers and one magazine published in Tabriz, Rašt, Shiraz, Kermānšāh, and Baghdad in the…

JAHĀN-E ZANĀN (Women’s World), a magazine published first in Mašhad (four issues, 25 Jomādā I-17 Šaʿbān 1339/15 Dalw 1299-6 Ordibehešt…

IRAQ xiii. PERSIAN NEWSPAPERS IN IRAQ: 1909-22 The publication of Persian-language newspapers in Iraq began with the implementation of the…

IRĀN-E NOW, the title of two political newspapers published in Tehran during the second and third decades of the 20th…

IRĀN-E MĀ, a political newspaper published in Tehran, with long interruptions, from 21 Ḵordād 1322 to 23 Ābān 1339 Š./11…

IRAN-E KABIR, a periodical published in the city of Rašt by the political activist Grigor Yaqikiān (d. January 1951), first…

IRĀN-E JAVĀN, a weekly paper published in Tehran from 5 Esfand 1305 to 28 Bahman 1306 Š. (25 February 1926-17…

  IRĀN/LA REVUE IRAN, the first philatelic magazine ever published in Persia; it was published from Mehr 1302 to Bahman…

IRĀN, the title of five newspapers, of which four were published in Persia and one in Baghdad, Iraq. 1. IRĀN,…

HUR, name of a newspaper and a monthly journal published in Tehran.   (1) The newspaper Hur covered political issues…

HUḴT, monthly periodical published in Persian by Iranian Zoroastrians. The name represents the Avestan term hūxta meaning “Good word” (see…

ḤOQUQ-E EMRUZ, a journal published irregularly in Tehran between Esfand 1341 Š./March 1963 and 1355 Š./1976 (Solṭāni, p. 429). The…

ḤOQUQ, the name of various 20th-century periodicals published in Iran and Afghanistan. (1) The weekly Ḥoquq began publication on 29…

HONAR O MARDOM, a monthly magazine published by the General Office of Fine Arts in the Ministry of Education (Edāra-ye…

ḤABLAL-MATIN (lit. strong cord), name of three newspapers published in Calcutta, Tehran, and Rašt. 1. One of the most illustrious…

GOLŠAN, cultural magazine published in the early days of 1296 Š./1917 in Tehran by Sayyed Reżā Yazdi “Amir Reżwāni” (d….

GOLESTĀN, the title of two Persian newspapers. 1. A news and political journal that began publication in Shiraz in 1297…

GOL-E ZARD, literary, socio-satirical newspaper, published from 27 Šaʿbān 1336/7 June 1918 until 19 Ḏu’l-qaʿda 1342/ 22 June 1924, first…

GITI, a leftist daily paper published from 2 Tir 1322 Š./24 June 1943 to 26 Day 1322 Š./6 December 1943…

GĪLĀN, title of four newspapers published in Rašt. 1. Biweekly organ of the provincial anjoman (q.v.) of Gīlān (Anjoman-e welāyatī-e…

GANJĪNA-YE FONŪN, a biweekly magazine published in Tabrīz for a year (1 Ḏu’l-qaʿda 1320-15 Šawwāl 1321/30 January 1903-4 January 1904)…

GANJAʾĪ, REŻĀ (b. Tabrīz, 9 Ābān 1397 Š./31 November 1918; d. Geneva, 17 Šahrīvar 1374 Š./8 Sept. 1995; Figure 1), journalist,…

GAHĪZ, weekly newspaper published in Kabul from 6 Dalw 1347/27 January 1968 to 10 Ṯawr 1352/30 April 1973, owned, edited,…

MAJALLA-ye JAMʿIYAT-e NESWĀN-e WAṬANḴᵛĀH-e IRĀN a magazine founded by Moluk Eskandari (d. 1925) and irregularly published in Tehran from 1302…

MAJALLA-ye RASMI-e ṮABT-e AMLĀK wa ASNĀD (later Majalla-ye rasmi-e Wezārat-e ʿadliya/dādgostari), the official journal of the Ministry of Justice. It…

TAJADDOD (Modernity), a newspaper published as the official organ of the Democratic Party of Azarbaijan, of which a total of…

NEDĀY-E ESLĀM (The voice of Islam), a pro-constitutional newspaper lithographed and published in Shiraz (twice weekly at first and later…

ZABĀN-E ZANĀN, the title of a newspaper and a magazine published in Isfahan and Tehran, respectively, by Ṣeddiqa Dawlatābādi (1883-1961),…

TAʿLIM O TARBIAT, title of a monthly periodical published by the Ministry of Culture as its organ from Farvardin 1304…

ṢADĀ-YE EṢFAHĀN, weekly newspaper published in Isfahan with lengthy interruptions from 15 Esfand 1300 until the first few months of…

PEYMĀN, a periodical published in Tehran by Aḥmad Kasravi (1890-1945), the celebrated historian of the Constitutional Revolution, with Reżā Solṭānzāda…

EGYPT xi. PERSIAN JOURNALISM IN EGYPT A number of Persian journals were published in Egypt. After the opening of the…

QOŠUN (later Arteš), the organ of the Iranian armed forces (qošun, arteš), published in Tehran from 9 Esfand 1300 until…

MARD-E ĀZĀD, a daily newspaper published in Tehran by the then Majles deputy, ʿAli-Akbar Dāvar (b. Tehran, 1885; d. Tehran,…

PEYK-E SAʿĀDAT-E NESWĀN, a magazine published every alternate month in Rašt from Ābān 1306 until Dey 1309 Š. (October 1927-December…

ZĀYANDARUD, weekly newspaper published in Isfahan by ʿAbd-al-Ḥosayn Moʿin-al-Eslām Ḵᵛānsāri from 1 RabiʿI 1327 to 22 Ḏu’l-ḥejja 1333 (23 March…

SINEMĀ WA NEMĀYEŠĀT, the first Persian magazine entirely devoted to cinematography. It was planned as a monthly magazine but closed…

RUZ-NĀMA-YE RASMI-E DAWLAT-E IRĀN (The Official Journal of the Government of Iran), a newspaper published in Tehran as the official…

RĀHNEMĀ-YE ZENDAGI (The guide to life), a biweekly magazine published in Tehran by the then well-known novelist and translator Ḥosaynqoli…

DĀNEŠKADA, amonthly literary journal published from Ṯawr 1297/April 1918 to Ṯawr 1298/April 1919 in Tehran by the distinguished poet, literary…