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  • FISH ii. SALT WATER FISHES

    Hušang Aʿlam

    This article deals mainly with the most economically important or otherwise remarkable fishes (except the caviar-yielding Acipenseridae, for which see CAVIAR).

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • BAUSANI, ALESSANDRO

    Biancamaria Scarcia Amoretti

    (1921-1988), prolific Italian orientalist in several fields: Persian literature, Islam, linguistics, the history of Islamic science, Urdu, Indonesian, and other Islamic literatures.

  • HUVIŠKA

    A. D. H. Bivar

    ruler of the Great Kushan lineage, successor of Kaniška I the Great, known chiefly from inscriptions and from a prolific coinage. He reigned from at least the year 28 to 60 of the Kaniška Era, equivalent to 154-86 CE.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • ABU’L-ʿALĀʾ ʿAṬĀʾ

    C. E. Bosworth

    secretary and poet of the Ghaznavid period, d. 491/1098.

  • ANGLO-PERSIAN OIL COMPANY

    F. Kazemi

    (ŠERKAT-E NAFT-E ENGELĪS O IRAN), a British company formed to extract and market oil in the oil fields of southwestern Iran.  

  • CH’IEN HAN SHU

    Edwin G. Pulleyblank

    (Qian Han shu) “History of the Former Han Dynasty,” a historical work which includes information on Iran.

  • AMIRI, YUSOF

    ANDRÁS BODROGLIGETI

    Persian-Chaghatay poet of the first half of the 15th century. 

  • MANICHEISM iii. BUDDHIST ELEMENTS IN

    P. Bryder

    Mani, who came to be considered himself to be the seal of the prophets, named Buddha, Zarathustra, and Jesus as his forerunners.

  • HALIL RUD

    M. H. Ganji

    river in the Jiroft and Kahnuj districts of Kerman Province in southeastern Iran, which stretches a total length of 390 km.

  • JAWĀHER-E ḴAMSA

    Carl W. Ernst

    title of a Persian work on Sufi meditation practices composed by the well-known and controversial Šaṭṭārī saint, Moḥammad Ḡawṯ Gwāleyārī (1500-1563).