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• INDIA xxiv. PERSIAN CALLIGRAPHY IN

  Cross-Reference

  Forthcoming.

• IRAN vi. IRANIAN LANGUAGES AND SCRIPTS (2) Documentation

  Prods Oktor Skjærvø

  Iranian languages are known from roughly three periods, commonly termed Old, Middle, and New (Modern).

• IRAQ v. AFSHARIDS TO THE END OF THE QAJARS

  Ernest Tucker

  The collapse of the Safavid dynasty in the 1720s ushered in a new round of conflict in Iraq that would continue through the first half of the 18th century.

• Isfahan x. Monuments (2) Palaces

  Sussan Babaie with Robert Haug

  None of the royal palaces and pavilions of Isfahan built prior to the 17th century is extant. In contrast, of all the monuments of Isfahan, Safavid palaces represent the most coherent group of buildings to have survived from a single period.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• FRANCE vii. FRENCH TRAVELERS IN PERSIA, 1600-1730

  Anne-Marie Touzard

  While the Italian cities and Spain entered into diplomatic relations with Persia at an early date, this was not true of France, despite an abortive attempt—the dispatch in 1626 of Louis Deshayes de Courmenin to the court of Shah ʿAbbās I. The early 17th century also witnessed the great missionary upsurge in France.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ART IN IRAN vii. ISLAMIC PRE-SAFAVID

  P. Soucek

• EGYPT i. Persians in Egypt in the Achaemenid period

  Edda Bresciani

• Greece v - vi. The Image of Persia and Persians in Greek Literature

  Reinhold Bichler and Robert Rollinger

• Italy iv. TRAVEL ACCOUNTS

  Michele Bernardini, Anna Vanzan

  Italian travel accounts represent a major source for the history of Iran, especially that of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

• AMLAŠ i. Geography

  Marcel Bazin

  small town and district in southeastern Gilān (q.v.)