Table of Contents

  • RITTER, Hellmut

    Josef van Ess

    (1892-1971), German scholar of Islamic studies, and particularly of Persian literature and mysticism. His magnum opus: Das Meer der Seele: Mensch, Welt und Gott in den Geschichten des Farīduddīn ʿAṭṭār (Leiden 1955) is an encyclopedic manual which guides the reader through the psychology of Islamic mysticism. The book is the best introduction to date into Sufi thought. 

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  • ROBINSON, Samuel

    Parvin Loloi

    (1794-1884), British scholar of Persian, translator, cotton manufacturer, and educationalist.

  • ROMANIAN-IRANIAN RELATIONS

    Keith Hitchins

    Economical and political relations developed significantly between Romania and Iran in the second half of the 20th century;these led to cultural relations as well, as evidenced by the translations of classical Persian poetry and manuscripts into Romanian.

  • ROSE WATER

    Cross-Reference

    See GOLĀB.

  • ROSENTHAL, FRANZ

    Hinrich Biesterfeldt

    (1914-2003), American scholar of Arabic and Semitic Studies, and particularly of Islamic intellectual history.

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  • ROSTAM b. Farroḵ-Hormozd

    D. Gershon Lewental

    Sasanian provincial ruler and military commander at the Battle of Qādesiya (mid-630s CE).

  • ROXANE

    Cross-reference

    See RHOXANE.

  • RUDĀBA

    A. Shapur Shahbazi

    princess of Kabul, wife of Zāl, and mother of Rostam in the Šāh-nāma.

  • RUDBĀR

    Marcel Bazin and Christian Bromberger

    town and district in southwestern Gilān. Rudbār is located on both banks of the Safidrud river at lat 36°51′ N, long 49°25′ E, at an average altitude of 300 m.

  • RUDSAR

    Marcel Bazin

    city and sub-provincial district (šahrestān) in eastern Gilān.