Table of Contents

• ROBINSON, Samuel

  Parvin Loloi

  (1794-1884), British scholar of Persian, translator, cotton manufacturer, and educationalist.

• ROSE WATER

  Cross-Reference

  See GOLĀB.

• RUDĀBA

  A. Shapur Shahbazi

  princess of Kabul, wife of Zāl, and mother of Rostam in the Šāh-nāma.
  

• RUDBĀR

  Marcel Bazin and Christian Bromberger

  town and district in southwestern Gilān. Rudbār is located on both banks of the Safidrud river at lat 36°51′ N, long 49°25′ E, at an average altitude of 300 m.

• RUDSAR

  Marcel Bazin

  city and sub-provincial district (šahrestān) in eastern Gilān.

• RUḤAFZĀ, SOLAYMĀN

  Houman Sarshar

  (1900-1995), master of Persian classical music. He belongs to the first generation of Persian classical musicians who learned musical notation and the second generation to record his music.

• RUSSIA ii. IRANIAN-SOVIET RELATIONS (1917-1991)

  N. M. Mamedova

  From the outset, the very first international resolutions of the young Soviet state had an immediate impact on relations with Iran.

• RUSSIA iii. TRAVELERS IN PERSIA TO 1917

  Elena Andreeva

  Russian travelers’ reports are a valuable source on the history of Persia and its relationship with Russia.

• RUSSIA iv. RUSSIANS AT THE COURT OF MOḤAMMAD-ʿALI SHAH

  Elena Andreeva

  The presence of Russians at the court of Moḥammad-ʿAli Shah (r. 1907-09) reflected Russia’s efforts to improve her competitive position against the British by strengthening her influence over the Qajar rulers.

• RUZ-NĀMA-YE RASMI-E DAWLAT-E IRĀN

  Nassereddin Parvin

  (Official Journal of the Government of Iran), a paper published in Tehran as the official organ of government since 1911.