Table of Contents

• RĀBET, ʿABD-AL-AḤAD

  Mohammad Baqir

  19th-century Indian author of Persian works (d. 1268/1851-52).

• RAʿD

  Nasreddin Parvin

  (Thunder), the name of a newspaper published by Sayyed Żiyāʾ-al-Din Ṭabāṭabāʾi in Tehran, 1913-1921, with interruptions.

• RĀḠEB EṢFAHĀNI

  Geert Jan van Gelder

  (d. early 5th/11th cent.), scholar, littérateur, and author of works on Islamic ethics, Qurʾanic exegesis, Islamic theology, and Arabic philology, as well as anthologies.

• RAHAVARD

  Ḡafur Mirzāʾi

  one of the first Persian periodicals published by the Iranian community in the United States after the Iranian revolution of 1979.

• RAHI

  Cross-Reference

  pen name of prominent 20th century poet and lyricist Mohammad Hasan Mo'ayyeri. See MO'AYYERI, MOHAMMAD HASAN. 

• RĀHNEMĀ-YE ZENDAGI

  Nassereddin Parvin

  (Guide to life), a biweekly magazine published in Tehran, 1940-41.

• Railroads i. The First Railroad Built and Operated in Persia

  Soli Shahvar

  During the three decades between the 1850s and the 1880s various foreign concerns attempted to introduce railways to Persia, but these did not materialize.

• RAJʿA

  Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi

  (lit.: “return”), theological term that has had many meanings according to the context in which it was professed. 

• RAM, Emad

  Morteżā Ḥoseyni Dehkordi

  (1931-2003), composer, vocalist, and flute player.

• RASHT i. The City

  Christian Bromberger

  city and district in Gilān province, the capital of Gilān and the largest city along the Caspian coast of Iran.

• RASTḴIZ

  Nassereddin Parvin

  (Resurrection) newspaper published 1915-16 in Baghdad a group of Iranian expatriates in Europe, headed by Sayyed Ḥasan Taqizāda.

• RASULID HEXAGLOT

  Peter B. Golden

  a six-language glossary compiled by or prepared for the sixth Rasulid king of Yemen (r. 1363-77).

• RATHINES

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  a general of Pharnabazos, the satrap of the Daskylitis (see DASCYLIUM) under Dareios II and Artaxerxes II (see DARIUS iv and ARTAXERXES II).

• RĀVANDI, Qoṭb-al-Din Saʿid

  Etan Kohlberg

  Imami author, traditionist, and jurist (d. Qom, 14 Šawwāl 573/5 April 1178).

• RAWLINSON, HENRY ii. CONTRIBUTIONS TO ASSYRIOLOGY AND IRANIAN STUDIES

  Peter T. Daniels

• RAY i. ARCHEOLOGY

  Rocco Rante

  After a first important Neolithic occupation, and a still poorly attested Iron Age occupation, Ray (today Šāh ʿAbd-al-ʿAẓim) was reoccupied during the Parthian period (from the 2nd century BCE). In this epoch the first ramparts of the fortified city and the Čašma-ye ʿAli temple have been erected. The Sasanian period is attested by some restorations of the fortified city and the massive fire temple of Tepe Mill. The Islamic period is better known and urban activity shows the important development of the city between the 8th and 13th centuries, when the Mongol invasion caused the abandonment of the site.

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• RA’DI AZARAKHSHI, Gholam-‘Ali

  Kāmyār ʿĀbedi

  (1909-1999), prominent poet.

• RED DEER

  Eskandar Firouz

  Cervus elaphus, in Persian: Marāl and also Gavazn and Gāv-e kuhi. i. Natural history. ii. In Persian art. The red deer ranges from Europe to Northeast Asia, its appearance changing gradually, until, from Central Asia eastward, it becomes quite similar to the North American wapiti.

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• REICHELT, HANS

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  (1877 -1939), Austrian scholar of Indo-European and Iranian studies.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• RESĀLA-YE MADANIYA

  Sen McGlinn

  a treatise of some 130 pages by Abd-al-Baha, internally dated in 1292/1875, which calls on the Iranian people to ‘awake’ and take the steps necessary to modernize the country.

• RHETORICAL FIGURES

  Natalia Chalisova

  devices of embellishment, tropes, and figures considered as an intrinsic part of literary expression in medieval Persia.

• RIAHI, MOHAMMAD AMIN

  Moḥammad Esteʿlāmi

  prominent scholar of Persian classical literature, statesman, and professor of Persian language and literature.

• RICE

  Cross-Reference

  See BERENJ.

• RISHAR KHAN

  Shireen Mahdavi

  (Rišār Khan), the Persian name of Jules Richard (1816-1891), a Frenchman in the service of Persian government as a language instructor at Dār al-Fonun College, court photographer, and translator.  

• RITTER, Hellmut

  Josef van Ess

  German scholar of Islamic studies.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ROBINSON, Samuel

  Parvin Loloi

  (1794-1884), British scholar of Persian, translator, cotton manufacturer, and educationalist.

• ROSE WATER

  Cross-Reference

  See GOLĀB.

• RUDĀBA

  A. Shapur Shahbazi

  princess of Kabul, wife of Zāl, and mother of Rostam in the Šāh-nāma.
  

• RUDBĀR

  Marcel Bazin and Christian Bromberger

  town and district in southwestern Gilān (q.v.). Rudbār is located on both banks of the Safidrud river at lat 36°51′ N, long 49°25′ E, at an average altitude of 300 m.

• RUḤAFZĀ, SOLAYMĀN

  Houman Sarshar

  (1900-1995), master of Persian classical music. He belongs to the first generation of Persian classical musicians who learned musical notation and the second generation to record his music.

• RUSSIA ii. IRANIAN-SOVIET RELATIONS (1917-1991)

  N. M. Mamedova

  From the outset, the very first international resolutions of the young Soviet state had an immediate impact on relations with Iran.

• RUSSIA iii. TRAVELERS IN PERSIA TO 1917

  Elena Andreeva

  Russian travelers’ reports are a valuable source on the history of Persia and its relationship with Russia.

• RUSSIA iv. RUSSIANS AT THE COURT OF MOḤAMMAD-ʿALI SHAH

  Elena Andreeva

  The presence of Russians at the court of Moḥammad-ʿAli Shah (r. 1907-09) reflected Russia’s efforts to improve her competitive position against the British by strengthening her influence over the Qajar rulers.

• RUZ-NĀMA-YE RASMI-E DAWLAT-E IRĀN

  Nassereddin Parvin

  (Official Journal of the Government of Iran), a paper published in Tehran as the official organ of government since 1911.

• RYE

  Hušang Aʿlam

  (čāvdār), Secale cereale L. (fam. Gramineae). The Persian name is probably of Turkish origin.