Table of Contents

  • RUḤAFZĀ, SOLAYMĀN

    Houman Sarshar

    (1900-1995), master of Persian classical music. He belongs to the first generation of Persian classical musicians who learned musical notation and the second generation to record his music.

  • RUḤAWŻI

    William O. Beeman

    a comic type of traditional folk musical drama in Iran.

  • RUMI, JALĀL-AL-DIN

    Multiple Authors

    (d. 1273), Persian poet and Sufi philosopher

  • RUMI, JALĀL-AL-DIN vii. Philosophy

    William C. Chittick

  • RUMI, JALĀL-AL-DIN viii. Rumi’s Teachings

    Jawid Mojaddedi

    His didactic poem, the Maṯnawi and his main prose work, the Fihe mā fihe represent the last two decades of his life, constituting the most substantial sources for his teachings without need for recourse to his many biographies.

  • RUSSIA

    Multiple Authors

    I. Russo-Iranian Relations up to the Bolshevik Revolution. II. Iranian-Soviet Relations (1917-1991). III. Travelers in Persia to 1917. IV. Russians at the court of Moḥammad-ʿAli Shah.

  • RUSSIA i. Russo-Iranian Relations up to the Bolshevik Revolution

    Elena Andreeva

    Prior to the 18th century, Iran and Russia treated each other as equal in their sporadic trade and diplomatic contacts. The fragmentation of Iran during the 18th century encouraged Russian aspirations to establish its domination in the Caucasus and the Caspian.

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  • RUSSIA ii. IRANIAN-SOVIET RELATIONS (1917-1991)

    N. M. Mamedova

    From the outset, the very first international resolutions of the young Soviet state had an immediate impact on relations with Iran.

  • RUSSIA iii. Russo-Iranian Relations in the Post-Soviet Era (1991-present)

    Clément Therme

    Since the end of the 1980s, Iran and Russia have sought to increase their cooperation in the military, nuclear, oil, and gas sectors. It emerged in the light of Iran’s need to bypass Western restrictions on technology transfers in the nuclear, aviation, and military sectors.

  • RUSSIA iv. TRAVELERS IN PERSIA TO 1917

    Elena Andreeva

    Russian travelers’ reports are a valuable source on the history of Persia and its relationship with Russia.