Table of Contents

• QĀʾENI, Shaikh Moḥammad-ʿAli

  Minou Foadi

  (1860-1924), prominent Bahai apologist and director of the Bahai school in Ashkabad.

• QAJARS

  Shireen Mahdavi

  : THE QAJAR-PERIOD HOUSEHOLD Qajar society was pluralistic, in the sense that different groups of various social status existed in it.

• QALA d-ŠRARA

  Eden Naby

  (The voice of truth) was a monthly publication of the mainly French Catholic Lazarist Mission in Urmia and ran from 1897 to 1915.

• QALʿA-YE DOḴTAR

  Dietrich Huff

  fortress with a palace of royal dimensions, built by the founder of the Sasanian empire, Ardašir I before his decisive victory against the last Parthian king in 224 CE.

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• QAMAR-AL-MOLUK VAZIRI

  Erik Nakjavani

  (1905-1959), commonly referred to as Qamar, popular, pioneering Persian mezzo-soprano. Qamar’s first formal performance as a vocalist took place at Tehran’s Grand Hotel in 1924. 

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• QANĀT

  Cross-Reference

  earliest irrigation system in Iran. See KĀRIZ.

• QANDRIZ, MANSUR

  Hengameh Fouladvand

  Modernist artist and a noted member of Saqqā-ḵāna School of Art, among the first group of Iranian modernists who focused on mythical motifs, tribal textile designs, and metalwork. Qandriz played a pivotal role in the establishment of Tālār-e Iran (later named Tālār-e Qandriz).

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• QĀNUNI, JALĀL

  Houman Sarshar

  (1900-1987), master performer of the Persian modal system (dastgāh) and expert in Daštestāni music (folk music from Fārs province).

• QĀNUNI, RAḤIM

  Houman Sarshar

  Širāzi (1871-1944), innovator, master of Persian classical music, and teacher.

• QARABAGH

  Alessandro Monsutti

  (Qarabāḡ), a district (woloswāli) of Ghazni Province in Afghanistan.

• QARAKHANIDS

  Cross-Reference

  see ILAK-KHANIDS.

• QĀSEMLU

  Carol Prunhuber

  Kurdish political leader, whoas secretary general of the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), led the Kurdish nationalist struggle for autonomy and democracy in Iran.

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• QAŠQĀʾI TRIBAL CONFEDERACY i. HISTORY

  Pierre Oberling

  Like most present-day tribal confederacies in Persia, the Il-e Qašqā ʾi is a conglomeration of clans of different ethnic origins, Lori, Kurdish, Arab and Turkic.

• QAŠQĀʾI TRIBAL CONFEDERACY ii. LANGUAGE

  Michael Knüppel

  Qašqāʾi is a language of southwestern or Oghuz branch of Turkic languages, spoken in the Iranian provinces of Hamadan and Fārs, especially in the region to the north of Shiraz.

• QAWĀMI, Ḥosyan

  Morteżā Ḥoseyni Dehkordi and EIr

  (1909-1989), known also as Fāḵtaʾi, a master vocalist of Persia in the second half of the 20th century.

• QAWL

  Philip G. Kreyenbroek

  a type of poetry that plays a central role in the religious life of the Yezidis. These hymns are chanted to music on solemn religious occasions.

• QĀŻI SAʿID QOMI

  Sajjad H. Rizvi

  , Moḥammad-Saʿid b. Moḥammad-Mofid, Shiʿite philosopher, jurist, and mystic of the Safavid period (b. 1049/1640, d. after 1107/1696).

• QAZI, Mohammad

  Noṣrat-Allāh Żiāʾi

  (1913-1998), noted translator.

• QEPČĀQ

  Peter B. Golden

  a loosely-held union of Turkic tribes (ca. 1030-1237) deriving from the Kimek state and tribes, who came into western and central Eurasian steppes from the east.

• QESHM ISLAND

  Daniel T. Potts

  (Jazira-ye Qešm, Ar. Jazira-al-Ṭawila); the largest island (ca. 122 km long, 18 km wide on average, 1,445 sq km) in the Persian Gulf, about 22 km south of Bandar-e ʿAbbās.