Table of Contents

• QĀʾENI, Shaikh Moḥammad-ʿAli

  Minou Foadi

  (1860-1924), prominent Bahai apologist and director of the Bahai school in Ashkabad.

• QAJARS

  Shireen Mahdavi

  : THE QAJAR-PERIOD HOUSEHOLD Qajar society was pluralistic, in the sense that different groups of various social status existed in it.

• QALA d-ŠRARA

  Eden Naby

  (The voice of truth) was a monthly publication of the mainly French Catholic Lazarist Mission in Urmia and ran from 1897 to 1915.

• QALʿA-YE DOḴTAR

  Dietrich Huff

  fortress with a palace of royal dimensions, built by the founder of the Sasanian empire, Ardašir I  (q.v.) before his decisive victory against the last Parthian king in 224 CE.

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• QAMAR-AL-MOLUK VAZIRI

  Erik Nakjavani

  (1905-1959), commonly referred to as Qamar, popular, pioneering Persian mezzo-soprano. Qamar’s first formal performance as a vocalist took place at Tehran’s Grand Hotel in 1924. The first public appearance of a Persian female vocalist without the obligatory veil (ḥejāb) signaled an immensely significant development in Persian music.

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• QANĀT

  Cross-Reference

  earliest irrigation system in Iran. See KĀRIZ.

• QĀNUNI, JALĀL

  Houman Sarshar

  (1900-1987), master performer of the Persian modal system (dastgāh) and expert in Daštestāni music (folk music from Fārs province).

• QĀNUNI, RAḤIM

  Houman Sarshar

  Širāzi (1871-1944), innovator, master of Persian classical music, and teacher.

• QARABAGH

  Alessandro Monsutti

  (Qarabāḡ), a district (woloswāli) of Ghazni Province in Afghanistan.

• QARAKHANIDS

  Cross-Reference

  see ILAK-KHANIDS.