Table of Contents

• PEYMĀN

  Nassereddin Parvin

  periodical published (1933-42) in Tehran by Aḥmad Kasravi, historian of the Constitutional Revolution.

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• PHILATELY

  Roman Siebertz

  Stamps, which were introduced to Iran in 1868, have from the outset served as an object of utility as well as an instrument of official self-representation.

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• PHILATELY vi. POSTAL HISTORY

  Mano Amarloui

  The postal service is a government institution whose very nature entails facilitating communication among its citizens, and between its citizens and those living in other countries.

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• PHILOSOPHY

  Cross-Reference

  see under FALSAFA.

• PHOENIX MOSQUE

  George Lane

  a historical monument built in 1281 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, on the coastal area of China.

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• PHRAORTES

  I. Medvedskaya

  the second king of the Median dynasty. All information about him is from Herodotus.

• PIANO IN PERSIAN MUSIC

  Hormoz Farhat

  The first piano is known to have arrived in Persia as a gift from Napoleon Bonaparte to Fatḥ ʿAli Shah.

• PIR-E ZAN

  Anna Krasnowolska

  a calendar-related legend about an Old Woman who personifies winter.  

• PÎREMÊRD

  Keith Hitchins

  (1867-1950), pen-name of Tawfiq, son of Maḥmud, son of Ḥamza (in Kurdish: Tewfîq kurî MehmûdʿAḡa kurî Hemze ʿAḡa), Kurdish writer, journalist, and public intellectual.

• PLANE TREE

  Cross-Reference

  See ČENĀR.