Table of Contents

• MĀKŪLĀ DYNASTY

  Cross-Reference

  See ĀL-E MĀKŪLĀ.

• MALABĀRI, BEHRĀMJI MERWĀNJI

  Firoze M. Kotwal and Jamsheed K. Choksy

  Malabari began his journalistic and editorial career after Sir Cowasji Jehangir, an eminent Parsi businessman, introduced him to Martin Woods, then the editor of the Times of India. Malabari also began writing a serial column for the Indian Spectator, an English language weekly magazine.

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• MALAKUT

  Saeed Honarmand

  the highly acclaimed and the only published novella by the noted modernist fiction writer Bahram Sadeqi.

• MALARIA

  Mohammad Hossein Azizi

  According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013, Iran, after several decades of fighting against the disease, has now entered the pre-eliminated stage of malaria control; it is anticipated that, by 2025, malaria will be completely eradicated in Iran.

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• MALEKŠĀH

  David Durand-Guédy

  the Great Saljuq sultan, during whose reign the Saljuq empire attained its maximum extension.

• MALIĀN

  Kamyar Abdi

  an important archeological site in the Kor River basin in central Fārs, identified as ancient Anshan, the highland capital of Elam. At nearly 200 ha, Maliān is the largest pre-Achaemenid settlement in Fārs and one of largest archeological sites in Iran.

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• MĀLIK, DĀWĪD GĪWARGĪS

  David G. Malick

  (1861-1931), Assyrian poet and historian, born in the village of Sipūrḡān in the Urmia plain; served as secretary of the Patriarchal Church Committee.

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• MĀLIK, GĪWARGĪS DĀWĪD

  David G. Malick

  (1836-1909), Assyrian writer, educator, and missionary, born in the village of Sipūrḡān in the Urmia plain, Azerbaijan; his work with Americans and Europeans enabled him to travel widely in the Middle East and Europe.

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• MĀLIK, NISṬŌRĪS GĪWARGĪS

  David G. Malick

  (1864-1927), Assyrian priest, educator, and writer was born in the village of Sipūrḡān in the Urmia plain, Azerbaijan; he succeeded in persuading Norwegian Lutherans to sponsor missionary work aimed at supporting, rather than converting, the Church of the East.

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• MALKŪS

  Kianoosh Rezania

  a malignant demon in Zoroastrian Pahlavi literature, of pestilential nature and a descendant of the Turanian Brādarōrēš, who killed Zarathustra.