Table of Contents

• MARD-e EMRUZ

  Ḥasan Mirʿābedini

  a controversial and highly popular newspaper published weekly in Tehran, with frequent interruptions, from 19 August 1942 to 14 February 1947, by Mohammad Mas’ud.

• MARDONIUS

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  Name of several Persians in Achaemenid times, as OPers. M-r-d^u-u-n-i-y- /Mr̥duniya-/ (DB 4.84) is rendered in Greek (Mardónios) and Latin (Mardonius).

• MARICQ, André

  Philippe Gignoux

  gifted epigrapher who died prematurely at the age of 34 (1925-1960).

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• MARITIME TRADE i. PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD

  Daniel T. Potts

  In comparison with Mesopotamia, Persia has far less proof that maritime trade was an important factor in her ancient economy.

• MĀRLIK

  Kamyar Abdi

  an elite burial ground of the late 2nd-early 1st millennium BCE in the western Caspian basin. In total, fifty-three tombs were discovered. The grave goods, numbering over 25,000 individual items, constitute the largest collection discovered from any cemetery of the Early Iron Age anywhere in the Near East.

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• MARR, NIKOLAĭ YAKOVLEVICH

  I. Yakubovich

  Russian philologist and archeologist, the founder of the “New Linguistic Doctrine” (ca. 1864-1934).

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• MARRIAGE i. THE MARRIAGE CONTRACT IN THE PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD

  Ilya Yakubovich

  a formal, written agreement as part of the process of establishing a marriage bond between two families is documented in both eastern and western Iranian practice.

• MARRIAGE ii. NEXT OF KIN MARRIAGE IN ZOROASTRIANISM

  Prods Oktor Skjærvø

  xwēdōdah, said to refer to marital unions of father and daughter, mother and son, or brother and sister (next-of-kin or close-kin marriage, nuclear family incest).

• MARTYRS, BABI

  Peter Smith and Moojan Momen

  adherents of the Babi religion who were killed for their faith during the period up to about 1866, when the Bahai faith emerged.

• MARTYRS, CHRISTIAN

  Christelle Jullien

  in the Iranian lands, as related in the surviving corpus of Persian Christian Acts.

• MAʿRUFI, Jawād

  Morteżā Ḥoseyni Dehkordi and EIr

  Persian composer and pianist (1915-1993).

• MARYAM KHANOM

  Dominic Parviz Brookshaw

  thirty-ninth wife of Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah Qajar (r. 1797-1834), mother of Żiāʾ-al-Salṭana and Maḥmud Mirzā.

• MĀSĀL

  Marcel Bazin

  small town and sub-provincial district (šahrestān) in the western part of Gilān Province.  The town is located at lat 37°22′ N, long 49°02′ E.

• MASISTES

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  Greek rendering (Masístēs) of an Old Iranian name *Masišta- (reflected also in Bab. Ma-si-iš-tu₄) based on the superlative YAv. masišta-, OPers. maθišta- “greatest, supreme”.

• MASJED-E SANGI

  Dietrich Huff

  a rock-cut mosque near the ancient site of Dārābgerd.

• MAŠREQ AL-AḎKĀR

  Moojan Momen

  (the Dawning-Place of the Remembrance [of God]), a Bahai term having three meanings.  The first meaning is a gathering which is held, ideally at dawn, to say prayers and recite from scripture; the second meaning is a building to be constructed in every community in which this dawn gathering takes place; and the third meaning is a complex of edifices centered around the prayer building but including other auxiliary social and humanitarian institutions as well. 

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• MASRUR, Hosayn

  Ḥasan Mirʿābedini

  (1890-1968), novelist, poet, and literary scholar.

• MASSON, Charles

  Elizabeth Errington

  alias of James Lewis (1800-53), traveler, pioneering archeologist and numismatist, who in 1832-38 produced the first comprehensive archeological records of eastern Afghanistan.

• MASʿUD (III) B. EBRĀHIM

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  recorded on his coins with various other honorifics. He seems to have had generally peaceful relations with his western neighbors, the Great Saljuqs.

• MAS’UD, MOHAMMAD

  Ḥasan Mirʿābedini

  novelist and editor of the controversial and highly popular newspaper Mard-e emruz.