Table of Contents

  • MOḤAMMAD AL-JAWĀD, ABU JAʿFAR

    Louis Medoff

    (811-835), ninth imam of the Twelver Shiʿites, the only child of Imam ʿAli al-Reżā, was only seven years of age at the time of his father's death; The prospect of a non-adult imam brought about widespread confusion in the community.

  • MOḤAMMAD b. ʿABD-ALLAH

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    (824/25-867), Abu’l -ʿAbbās, high official in Iraq and the central lands of the caliphate.

  • MOḤAMMAD B. BOZORG-OMID

    Farhad Daftary

    the third lord of Alamut. He had been designated as heir by his father, Kiā Bozorg-Omid, only three days earlier.  Moḥammad duly received the allegiance of all the Nezāri territories in Persia and Syria.

  • MOḤAMMAD B. NOṢAYR

    Yaron Friedman

    Abu Šoʿayb al-Nomayri/al-Namiri (d. after 868), the founder and eponym of the Nomayriya/Namiriya sect.

  • MOḤAMMAD NĀDER SHAH

    May Schinasi

    (1883-1933), king of Afghanistan, first representative of the new Dorrāni dynasty.

  • MOḤAMMAD SHAH QĀJĀR

    Jean Calmard

    (1808-1848), the third ruler of the Qajar dynasty after his grandfather Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah.

  • MOḤAMMAD-AYYUB KHAN

    R. D. McChesney

    born Amir Šēr-ʿAli Khan, a prominent Afghan political figure of the Moḥammadzi clan (1857-1914).

  • MOḤAMMAD-TAQI WAKIL-AL-DAWLA ŠIRĀZI

    Soli Shahvar

    (1830-1911), prominent Iranian Bahai merchant from Shiraz.

  • MOHASSESS, ARDESHIR

    Nicky Nodjoumi

    The youngest of four children, Ardeshir was born to ʿAbbās-Qoli and Sorur Mahkāma Moḥaṣṣeṣṣ. His father was a judge and died when Ardeshir was an infant.  His mother, an educator and the principal of the first school for girls in Rasht, was a poet and literary figure and a close acquaintance of Parvin Eʿteṣāmi.

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  • MOḤSENI, Akbar

    Morteżā Ḥoseyni Dehkordi

    (1912-1995) composer and prominent performer of the Ud (lute).

  • MOḤTĀJ DYNASTY

    Cross-Reference

    See ĀL-E MOḤTĀJ.

  • MOḤTAŠAM KĀŠĀNI

    Paul Losensky

    (1528/29-1588), Šams-al-Šoʿarā Kamāl-al-Din, Persian poet of the Safavid period who was born and died in Kashan.

  • MOʿIN-AL-DIN NAṬANZI

    D. Aigle

    early 15th-century historian, author of the Montaḵab al-tavāriḵ, a general chronicle on dynastic history of Iran in the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods, dedicated to the Timurid ruler Šāhroḵ (1405-47).

  • MOʿIN-E MOṢAVVER

    Robert Eng

    (b. ca.1610-15; d. ca 1693), Safavid manuscript and album painter, arguably the most prominent artist of the second half of the 17th century.

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  • MOʿJEZ ŠABESTARI

    Hasan Javadi

    (1874-1934), a satirical poet in Azerbaijani, fairly unknown during his lifetime. A social problem is addressed in every one of his poems.

  • MOJIR-AL-DIN BAYLAQĀNI

    Anna Livia Beelaert

    Persian poet of the 12th century, born in Baylaqān in Arrān (now part of the Republic of Azerbaijan); and a contemporary of Khāqāni Šervāni, Aṯir-al-Din Aḵsikati, and Jamāl-al-Din Eṣfahāni.

  • MOJMAL AL-TAWĀRIḴ WA’L-QEṢAṢ

    Siegfried Weber and Dagmar Riedel

    an anonymous chronicle from the 12th century in the Persian tradition of literary historiography. The work concentrates on the Persian rulers before the advent of Islam, the Muslim conquests, and events related to Hamadān, indicating that the work probably originated there.

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  • MOJTAHED

    Cross-Reference

    “jurist” in Arabic. For the religious-legal sciences in Shiism, see EJTEHĀD.

  • MOḴAMMESA

    Mushegh Asatryan

    an early extremist Shiʿite (ḡolāt) sect who divinized five members (ahl al-kesāʾ/Āl-e ʿabā “the family of the cloak”) of the Prophet Moḥammad’s family.

  • MOKRI TRIBE

    Pierre Oberling

    a Kurdish tribe of western Iranian Azerbaijan.