Table of Contents

• LAWḤ

  M. Momen and B. T. Lawson

  (tablet), a term used distinctively in the Bahai writings as part of the title of individual compositions of Bahāʾ-Allāh addressed to individuals or groups of individuals.

• LAYARD, Austen Henry

  John Curtis

  (1817-1894), French archeologist and politician. Layard is chiefly known for his excavations in northern Iraq between 1845 and 1851.

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• LENTIL

  Cross-Reference

  See ʿADAS.

• LENTZ, OTTO HELMUT WOLFGANG

  Gerd Gropp

  (1900-1986), German Iranologist who specialized in Middle Iranian and New Persian dialects as well as on Iranian religions.

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• LEOPARD

  Eskandar Firouz

  (Panthera pardus, Pers. Palang), the largest and most powerful member of the cat family still occurring in Iran. The Persian leopard is very variable in both size and coloration, depending on the conditions of the natural environment of its range.

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• LESĀN-AL-DAWLA

  Nader Nasiri-Moghaddam

  , MIRZĀ ʿALI KHAN (1862-ca. 1920), royal librarian. His career at the royal court began in Tabriz in 1891.

• LEWIS, David Malcolm

  Amılie Kuhrt

  (1928-1994), distinguished historian and epigrapher of Greece in the fifth and fourth century BCE and, by extension, of the Achaemenid empire.

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• LEXICOGRAPHY

  John R. Perry

  the compiling of dictionaries, glossaries, and vocabularies of a language or a particular lexical corpus.

• LEYLI O MAJNUN

  A. A. Seyed-Gohrab

  narrative poem of approximately 4,600 lines composed in 584/1188 by the famous poet Neẓāmi of Ganja.

• LIGHTING EQUIPMENT AND HEATING FUEL

  Willem Floor

  Before the widespread use of electricity in Iran, the main illuminants were vegetable oils and animal fat.