Table of Contents

  • KEPHALAIA

    Iain Gardner

    genre of literature developed by the Manichean communities in the early Sasanian empire, primarily preserved by two papyrus codices in Coptic translation from Egypt dating to the early fifth century CE.

  • ḴERAD-NĀMA

    Dariush Kargar and EIr.

    title given to a compilation of Persian texts on practical philosophy dated to the 6th/12th century.

  • KEREŠMA

    Gen’ichi Tsuge

    a musical term denoting a guša, or a metric section within a guša, based on any dastgāh.

  • KERIYA

    Alain Cariou

    Because of the Chinese government program for urban development, Uighur neighborhoods are consistently demolished to make way for straight avenues and banal, modern buildings.  Moreover, the Chinese government is promoting the migration of Han Chinese.

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  • KERMAN

    Multiple Authors

    province of Iran located between Fars and Sistan va Balučestān; also the name of its principal city and capital.

  • KERMAN i. GEOGRAPHY

    Habib Borjian

    Kerman Province is situated in southeast Iran. It is divided into two distinct macroclimates, sardsir (cold) in the upland north and garmsir (warm) in the lowland south, generally speaking.

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  • KERMAN ii. HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY

    Xavier de Planhol and Bernard Hourcade

    The Kerman basin, in which Kerman City is situated, is located at an elevation of about 1,700 m with land sloping very gently from northwest to southeast.  It is entirely surrounded by a series of high massifs.

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  • KERMAN iii. POPULATION

    Habibollah Zanjani and 
Mohammad-Hossein Nejatian

    In 1956, the total population of the province was around 789,000 persons (of whom, 127,624 then belonged to Bandar Abbas), while in the 2011 population and housing census, it had increased to nearly 2,939,000.

  • KERMAN v. HISTORY FROM THE ISLAMIC CONQUEST TO THE COMING OF THE MONGOLS

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    The Armenian geography written in the second half of the 8th century and traditionally attributed to Moses of Khoren places Kerman in the southern quarter of the Sasanian empire.

  • KERMAN vii. HISTORY IN THE SAFAVID PERIOD

    Rudi Matthee

    Kerman is one of the few places in Iran that had long generated local Persian-language chronicles, and the 17th century was no exception. 

  • KERMAN viii. HISTORY IN THE AFSHARID AND ZAND PERIOD

    James M. Gustafson

    Between the fall of the Safavids and the rise of the Qajar dynasty (ca. 1722-94), Kerman maintained a measure of stability and security under local rulers despite the rise and fall of dynastic states across the Iranian plateau.

  • KERMAN ix. HISTORY IN THE QAJAR PERIOD

    James M. Gustafson

    Kerman's geographical position on the periphery of the Qajar empire (1795-1925), was at the center of numerous significant developments in this important transitional period in Iran's history.

  • KERMAN xiv. Jewish Community of Kerman City

    Nahid Pirnazar and EIr

    In the late 18th century, according to the account of the Jewish community of Yazd compiled by Molla Aqābābā Damāvandi a century later, severe drought caused its members to move to Rafsanjān and Sirjān and the villages around Kerman. Thus the Jewish Quarter of nineteenth-century Kerman became mainly an offshoot of the community in Yazd.

  • KERMAN xv. CARPET INDUSTRY

    James M. Gustafson

    Since the late 19th century, Kerman’s hand-woven, knotted pile carpets are widely regarded as among the finest in the world by art historians and collectors for the quality of their materials and workmanship. 

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  • KERMAN xvi. LANGUAGES

    Habib Borjian

    The province of Kerman is characterized by two indigenous languages, Persian in the mountainous north and Garmsiri in the lowland south, supplemented by the Median-type dialects spoken by the Zoroastrian, Jewish, and possibly Turkish residence of the city of Kerman.

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  • KERMANSHAH

    Multiple Authors

    a province in western Iran; also the name of its principal city and capital.

  • KERMANSHAH i. GEOGRAPHY

    Habib Borjian

    Kermanshah Province, situated in western Iran, spreads over an area of 25,000 km² (9,560 square miles, roughly the size of Vermont), or 1.5 percent of the total area of the country.

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  • KERMANSHAH iv. HISTORY TO 1953

    Jean Calmard

    The town and province of Kermanshah are located on the strategic travel route, later known as the “Khorasan Highway,” linking Mesopotamia to the Iranian plateau. This route was militarily and commercially important even in antiquity.

  • KERMANSHAH vii. LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS

    Habib Borjian

    Kermanshah is linguistically characterized by a triad of Kurdish, Gurāni, and Persian within a multifaceted, areal-tribal-social setting; supplemented by Neo-Aramaic spoken in pockets by area Jewry, as well as an isolated Turkic dialect spoken in the Sonqor valley.

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  • KERMANSHAH viii. THE JEWISH COMMUNITY

    Nahid Pirnazar

    Surviving the obscure period of the Middle Ages, the Jews of Kermanshah were not affected by the forced conversions under the Safavids.