Table of Contents
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KĀRIZ iv. ORIGIN AND DISSEMINATION
Xavier de Planhol
One very common technique is an underflow channel in a river valley, which captures water from the shallow aquifer formed by seepage from the watercourse.
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KĀRIZ v. KĀRĒZ IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY AND THEIR PROSPECTS
Xavier de Planhol
In 1990 it was estimated that the kārēz technique supplied water to around 1.5 million hectares of the planet’s total irrigated surface area, which constituted only the minor portion of approximately 0.6 percent.
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KARḴEH RIVER
Eckart Ehlers
the third longest river in Iran after the rivers Karun and Safidrud, flowing in the western provinces of the country. It rises from the Zagros mountain range.
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KARNĀ
Stephen Blum
designation of three types of musical instrument, the most prestigious being long trumpets made of brass, gold, silver, or other metals. Two regional instruments of Iran are also called karnā. Like the metal karnā, the long reed trumpet of Gilān and Māzandarān lacks fingerholes.
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KARRĀMIYA
Aron Zysow
the adherents to a theological and legal movement with a broad following in Khorasan and Afghanistan from the 10th to the 13th centuries, with its intellectual center in Nishapur (Nišāpur).
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KARSĀSP
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
Avestan dragon-slayer, son of Sāma, and eschatological hero. In the Pahlavi and Zoroastrian Persian traditions, several heroic feats are connected with him.
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KARŠIFT
Céline Redard
a mythical bird mentioned in the Avesta and other Zoroastrian texts. -
KARSĪVAZ
Prods Oktor Skjærvø, Mahmoud Omidsalar
in the old Iranian epic tradition the brother of the Turanian king, Afrāsiāb, and the man most responsible for the murder of the Iranian prince Siāvaš.
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KART DYNASTY
Cross-Reference
See ĀL-E KART.
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KARTIR
Prods Oktor Skjærvø
a prominent Zoroastrian priest in the second half of the 3rd century CE, known from his inscriptions and mentioned in Middle Persian, Parthian, and Coptic Manichean texts.