Table of Contents

  • KĀRGĀNRUD

    Cross-Reference

    the northernmost and largest of the five traditional Ṭāleš khanates (Ḵamsa-ye Ṭavāleš) in western Gilān.

  • KARGAR, DARIUSH

    Forogh Hashabeiky and Behrooz Sheyda

    (1953-2012), Iranist, fiction writer, and journalist. Kargar’s later works of fiction, written in Sweden, participate in the more modern spectrum of writing in the twentieth century and are characterized by his experimentations with disrupted chronology, non-linear plots, and interrupted language reminiscent of stream of consciousness.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • KĀRGOZĀR

    Morteza Nouraei

    a term used from the early 19th century until the abolishment of capitulation (kāpitulāsion) in 1927 to refer specifically to an agent of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, who was charged with regulating relations between Iranian subjects and foreigners.

  • KARIM DEVONA

    Keith Hitchins

    pen-name of Abdul-Karim Qurbon, Tajik folk poet (1878-1918).

  • KARIM KHAN ZAND

    John R. Perry

    (ca. 1705-1779), “The Wakil,” ruler of Persia (except Khorasan) from Shiraz during 1751-79. The Zand were a pastoral tribe of the Lak branch of the northern Lors, ranging between the inner Zagros and the Hamadān plains, centered on the villages of Pari and Kamāzān in the vicinity of Malāyer.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • KĀRIN

    Parvaneh Pourshariati

    one of the seven great families of the Parthian and Sasanian periods.

  • KĀRIZ

    Xavier de Planhol

    underground irrigation canals, also called qanāt. The kārēz conducts water from the level of an aquifer to the open air by means of simple gravity in order to distribute it to lower areas.

  • KĀRIZ i. Terminology

    Xavier de Planhol

    underground irrigation canals, also called qanāt.

  • KĀRIZ ii. TECHNOLOGY

    Xavier de Planhol

    The technology of kārēz exploits a difference in grade between a tunnel and the groundwater table, so it ends at an elevation higher than that of the water table. In Iran the average grade may be around 0.5 percent.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • KĀRIZ iii. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONTEXTS

    Xavier de Planhol

    The major significance of the kārēz lies in its continuous discharge throughout the year. In contrast, irrigation systems that rely on surface water runoff can completely cease to discharge water during the dry season.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.