Table of Contents

• JONES, WILLIAM

  Michael J. Franklin

  , Sir (1746-1794), orientalist and judge, noted for his enduring commitment to a syncretic East-West synthesis and unshakeable belief in cultural pluralism.

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• JONG

  David J. Roxburgh

  literary miscellany of Persian prose and poetry, and album of pictures and illustrations. Inventiveness in the production of jongs peaked in Persia in the 1400s and continued into the 1500s, when techniques such as découpage, gold-sprinkled, stenciled, and/or painted borders, and  colored inks or outline for calligraphy were introduced.

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• JONG-E ESFAHĀN

  Jalil Doostkhah

  (Isfahan anthology), an independent, avant-garde literary periodical, established in Isfahan in 1965 by a circle of literary men, irregularly producing 11 issues from 1965 to 1973. 

• JORBĀDAQĀN

  cross-reference

  See GOLPĀYAGĀN.

• JORBĀDAQĀNI, ABU’L-ŠARAF

  cross-reference

  See ABU’L-ŠARAF JORBĀDAQĀNI.

• JORDAN, SAMUEL MARTIN

  Michael Zirinsky

  (known in Iran as Dr. Jordan; 1871-1952), teacher, Presbyterian minister, missionary, founder and president of the American College of Tehran (later Alborz College).

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• JORJĀN

  cross-reference

  See GORGĀN.

• JORJĀNI, ZAYN-AL-DIN ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALI

  Josef van Ess

  B. MOḤAMMAD B. ʿALI AL-ḤOSAYNI (1340-1413), prolific author and scholar of the early Timurid period.

• JORJĀNI, ZAYN-AL-DIN ESMĀʿIL

  Hušang Aʿlam

  , ZAYN-AL-DIN ESMĀʿIL b. Ḥasan, better known as Sayyed Esmāʿil Jorjāni (b. Gorgān, 1043-44?; d. Marv, 1136-37), physician who served two Khwarazmshahs (Ḵᵛārazmšāhs), Qo

• JOSEPH

  Asghar Dadbeh, Annabel Keeler, Chad Kia

  (Ar. Yusof), son of the biblical patriarch Jacob. The story of Joseph has always been a source of attractive subject matters for the exegetists of the Qurʾān, poets, miniaturists, and popular tales.