Table of Contents

  • JONAYD-E NAQQĀŠ

    Barbara Brend

    a painter of the 14th century, known from one reference and one picture.

  • JONDIŠĀBUR

    cross-reference

    See GONDĒŠĀPUR.

  • JONES, WILLIAM

    Michael J. Franklin

    (1746-1794), Sir, orientalist and judge, noted for his enduring commitment to a syncretic East-West synthesis and unshakeable belief in cultural pluralism.

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  • JONG

    David J. Roxburgh

    literary miscellany of Persian prose and poetry, and album of pictures and illustrations. Inventiveness in the production of jongs peaked in Persia in the 1400s and continued into the 1500s, when techniques such as découpage, gold-sprinkled, stenciled, and/or painted borders, and  colored inks or outline for calligraphy were introduced.

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  • JONG-E ESFAHĀN

    Jalil Doostkhah

    (Isfahan anthology), an independent, avant-garde literary periodical, established in Isfahan in 1965 by a circle of literary men, irregularly producing 11 issues from 1965 to 1973. 

  • JORBĀDAQĀN

    cross-reference

    See GOLPĀYAGĀN.

  • JORBĀDAQĀNI, ABU’L-ŠARAF

    cross-reference

    See ABU’L-ŠARAF JORBĀDAQĀNI.

  • JORDAN, SAMUEL MARTIN

    Michael Zirinsky

    In Jordan’s time, Iran was beset by Russian and British imperial aspirations, and many Iranians sought to buttress their country’s independence by drawing a third power into the balance. These Iranians saw the US as well-suited for this role because it then had no obvious imperial designs in the region.

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  • JORJĀN

    cross-reference

    See GORGĀN.

  • JORJĀNI, ZAYN-AL-DIN ABU’L-ḤASAN ʿALI

    Josef van Ess

    B. MOḤAMMAD B. ʿALI AL-ḤOSAYNI (1340-1413), prolific author and scholar of the early Timurid period.