Table of Contents
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JIWĀM
Firoze M. Kotwal and Jamsheed K. Choksy
“(consecrated) milk,” the designation for one of the organic items—now a mixture of milk and consecrated water—used in the high or inner liturgical rituals of the Zoroastrians.
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JÑĀNOLKADHĀRAṆĪ
Mauro Maggi
“Spell of [the Buddha] Jñānolka,” the name of a short Buddhist text of the Mahayanist tradition containing two magic spells (dhāraṇī) aimed at the protection and deliverance of beings.
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JOBBĀʾI
Sabine Schmidtke
the name of two Muʿtazilite theologians, Abu ʿAli Moḥammad b. ʿAbd-al-Wahhāb (849-915) and his son Abu Hāšem ʿAbd-al-Salām (890-933).
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JOČI
Michal Biran
(in Persian and Turkic also Tuši, Duši, ca. 1184-1227), the eldest son of Čengiz Khan (d. 1227) and the ancestor of the khans of the Golden Horde, the westernmost Mongolian khanate.
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JOFT-E GĀV
Cross-Reference
"pair of oxen," term used in traditional farming system of Iran. See GĀVBAND.
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JOḠD
cross-reference
See BUF.
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JOLLĀBI, ABU’L-ḤASAN
cross-reference
See HOJVIRI, ABU’L-ḤASAN.
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JOMUR
P. Oberling
(also angl. Jumur), a small Sunnite Kurdish tribe of northern Lorestān.
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JONAS, Hans
Kurt Rudolph
In 1958 Jonas published The Gnostic Religion, which is a revised English version of his German study of gnosticism. He was a prolific author who wrote many books, essays, and articles on the philosophical problems of nature, organism, and technology.
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JONAYD
Kathryn Babayan
B. EBRĀHIM, a patrilineal descendant of Shaikh Ṣafi-al-Din (d. 1334), the founder of the Ṣafaviya order in Ardabil. Jonayd played the central role in expanding the membership of the order.