Table of Contents

• JAHROM

  SHIVA JA’FARI

  city and sub-province (šahrestān) in central Fārs Province, covering an area of 4,517 sq. km.

• JAIPUR

  Catherine B. Asher

  city in northwestern India, founded in 1727 by the Kachhwaha prince (raja) and Mughal officer Sawai Jai Singh Kachhwaha (1688-1743). He had a passionate interest in astronomy and, inspired by Ulugh Beg’s (1394-1449) astronomical observations and tables (zij), he wrote the Zij-e Moḥammad-Šāhi and built an observatory in Jaipur with enormous instruments for observing and calculating celestial phenomena

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• JĀJARMI

  Anna Livia Beelaert

  , MOḤAMMAD B. BADR, 14th-century Persian poet and anthologist.

• JĀJRUD

  Bernard Hourcade

  a major river of the southern slopes of the central Alborz in the Central Plateau (140 km. long, basin of 1,890 km²).

• JĀKI

  P. Oberling

  a group of Lor tribes in the Kuhgiluya region of eastern Khuzestan.

• JAKKADI

  Maria Sabaye Moghaddam

  a dance style performed by Persian women, as documented in Sanskrit treatises of the 16th and 17th centuries.

• JALĀL-AL-DIN ABU’L-QĀSEM TABRIZI

  Farhan Nizami

  (d. 1244-45), a prominent Sufi of the Sohravardiya Order.

• JALĀL-AL-DIN DAVĀNI

  cross-reference

  See DAVĀNI.

• JALĀL-AL-DIN ḤASAN III

  FARHAD DAFTARY

  (b. 1166-67; d. 1221), Nezāri Ismaʿili imam and the sixth lord of Alamut.

• JALĀL-AL-DIN ḴvĀRAZMŠĀH(I) MENGÜBIRNI

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  the last Ḵᵛārazmšāh of the line of Anuštigin Ḡarčaʾi, reigned in 1220-31 as the eldest son and successor of ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad.

• JALĀL-AL-DIN MIRZĀ

  Abbas Amanat and Farzin Vejdani

  Qajar historian and freethinker (1827-1872). Born at the court in Tehran, he was the fifty-fifth son of Fatḥ-ʿAli Shah (r. 1797-1834). Besides European influences, the intellectual sources of his freethinking are not entirely known. He associated with Mirzā Malkom Khan (1833-1908) and his secret society, the Farāmuš-ḵāna (‘house of oblivion’), which made strident efforts to recruit members.

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• JALĀL-AL-DIN MOḤAMMAD BALḴI, MAWLAWI

  cross-reference

  See RUMI. Forthcoming, online.

• JALĀL-AL-DIN TURĀNŠĀH

  cross-reference

  See MOZAFFARIDS.

• JALĀL-AL-MOLK

  cross-reference

  See IRAJ MIRZĀ.

• JALĀLĀBĀD

  Shah Mahmoud Hanifi

  a city, a valley, and an administrative unit of fluctuating scope within the Afghan state structure.

• JALĀLI

  Pierre Oberling

  a Kurdish tribe of eastern Anatolia and northwestern Persia.

• JALĀLZĀDA

  Tahsın Yazici

  , MOṢṬAFĀ ÇELEBI, also known as “Koja Nişancı” (Ḵᵛāja Nešānči), Ottoman historian and administrator (b. ca. 1490-94; d. 1567).

• JALĀYER

  cross-reference

  See KHORASAN i. ETHNIC GROUPS.

• JALĀYER, ESMĀʿIL KHAN

  Manouchehr Broomand

  a prominent painter of the Qajar era, during the reign of Nāṣer-al-Din Shah (r. 1848-96). He was  noted for his work in the genres of irāni-sāzi (Iranian subjects, relatively unaffected by European influences) and ṭabiʿat-sāzi (fauna and flora in a European naturalistic mode).

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• JALĀYER-NĀMA

  cross-reference

  See QĀʾEM-MAQĀM.

• JALAYERIDS

  Peter Jackson

  dynasty of Mongol origin which ruled over Iraq, and for several decades also over northwestern Persia, from the collapse of the Il-khanate in the late 1330s until the early 9th/15th century.

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• JALIL, RAHIM

  K. Hitchins

  Soviet Tajik writer (1909-1989), a master of the short story.

• JALILAVAND

  Pierre Oberling

  a small Laki-speaking tribe inhabiting the Kermānšāh and Lorestān regions, most of whom belong to the Ahl-e Haqq sect.

• JĀLINUS

  Hormoz Ebrahimnejad

  (Galen), the Arabic form of Greek Galenos, the name of the illustrious 2nd-century authority on medicine of ancient Greece.

• JALLĀD

  Forthcoming, online.

• JALULĀ

  Klaus Klier

  the site of a major battle between the Sasanian and Muslim forces. This locale is a medium-sized town in the Diāla Province of Iraq, situated on the middle course of the Diāla River.

• JAM

  M. Reza Fariborz Hamzeh’ee

  name given to a religious ceremony performed among two important religious communities living traditionally in the same historical region on the Zagros Mountain chain.

• JĀM (1)

  Majd-al-din Keyvani

  a mountainous region on the way from Kabul to Herat, and a historically important village in the province of Ghur (Ḡur) in western Afghanistan.

• JĀM (2)

  “cup” in Persian Art and Literature. Forthcoming online.

• JĀM MINARET

  F. B. Flood

  pre-eminent 12th-century monument of the Šansabāni sultans of Ḡur in central Afghanistan. The minaret stands 65 meters high near the confluence of the Harirud and Jāmrud rivers in a remote mountain valley once protected by a series of defensive towers.

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• JAM, MAḤMUD

  Ali Sadeghi

  , titled Modir-al-Molk (1885-1969), prime minister under Reżā Shah.

• JAMĀL-AL-DIN ʿASADĀBĀDI

  cross-reference

  See AFGANI.

• JAMĀL-AL-DIN MOḤAMMAD EṢFAHĀNI

  D. DURAND-GUÉDY

  poet and painter of the second half of the 12th century.

• JAMĀLI ṢUFI

  Maryam Ekhtiari

  , PIR YAḤYĀ, calligrapher of the mid-8th/14th century who worked in Shiraz in the 740s/1340s.

• JAMĀLI, ḤĀMED B. FAŻL-ALLĀH

  A. A. Seyed-Gohrab

  Persian-speaking Indian poet (b. Delhi, ca. 862/1457; d. Gujarat, 942/1535).

• JAMALZADEH, MOHAMMAD-ALI

  Multiple Authors

  prominent Iranian intellectual, a pioneer of modern Persian prose fiction and of the genre of the short story (1892-1997).

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• JAMALZADEH, MOHAMMAD-ALI i. Life

  Nahid Mozaffari

• JAMALZADEH, MOHAMMAD-ALI ii. Literature

  Hassan Kamshad and Nahid Mozaffari

• JAMALZADEH, MOHAMMAD-ALI iii. Bibliography

  Nahid Mozaffari

• JĀMĀSP

  Jamsheed K. Choksy, Nikolaus Schindel

  Sasanian king. He ascended to the throne in 496 (or possibly early 497) when his brother, the king of kings Kawād I, was deposed.  Jāmāsp, like Kawād, was a son of the Sasanian ruler Pērōz (r. 459-84).  

• Jāmāsp i. REIGN

  JAMSHEED K. CHOKSY

• Jāmāsp ii. Coinage

  NIKOLAUS SCHINDEL

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• JĀMĀSP-NĀMA

  Cross-Reference

  See AYĀDGĀR I JĀMĀSPIG.

• JĀMĀSPA

  W. W. Malandra

  an official at the court of Vīštāspa and an early convert of Zarathushtra, who, in the tradition became widely known for his wisdom.

• JĀMĀSPASA, Dastur JAMASPJI MINOCHERJI

  Ramiyar P. Karanjia and Michael Stausberg

  (1830-1898), Parsi priest and Iranologist, offspring of a priestly family from Navsari in Gujarat, India. As a high priest he guided and supervised the consecration of several fire temples, not only in Bombay but all over India. He possessed a vast collection of important Zoroastrian manuscripts, and his publication Pahlavi texts (1897-1913) made these  available to a larger audience.

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• JĀMĀSPI

  Cross-Reference

  See AYĀDGĀR I JĀMĀSPIG.

• JĀMEʿ AL-ḤEKĀYĀT

  Dariush Kargar

  (lit. Compiler of stories), one of the oldest and most common titles of mostly anonymous Persian story collections, dating from the 13th to the 19th century.

• JĀMEʿ AL-ḤEKMATAYN

  cross-reference

  See NĀṢER-E ḴOSROW.

• JĀMEʿ AL-ʿOLUM

  cross-reference

  See ENCYCLOPAEDIAS, PERSIAN.

• JĀMEʿ AL-TAMṮIL

  Ulrich Marzolph

  a collection of Persian proverbs and their stories compiled in 1045/1644 by Moḥammad-ʿAli Ḥablarudi.