Table of Contents

• JAMʿIYAT-E HELĀL-E AḤMAR-E IRĀN

  Farid Ghassemlou

  a non-governmental humanitarian organization affiliated with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC); founded in 1919 to promote health activities.

• JAMʿIYAT-E MOʾTALEFA-YE ESLĀMI

  Ali Rahnema

  (Society of Islamic Coalition), a religious-political organization founded in 1963 to propagate Ayatollah Khomeini’s vision of an Islamic-Iranian state and society and to mobilize the population to implement that vision. 

• JAMʿIYAT-E MOʾTALEFA-YE ESLĀMI i. Hayʾathā-ye Moʾtalefa-ye Eslāmi 1963-79

  Ali Rahnema

  The Islamic Coalition of Mourning Groups was born almost two years after the death of Ayatollah Ḥosayn Ṭabāṭabāʾi Borujerdi in 1961.

• JAMʿIYAT-E MOʾTALEFA-YE ESLĀMI ii. Jamʿiyat-e Moʾtalefa and the Islamic Revolution

  Ali Rahnema

  After the 1979 Revolution, the “Coalition of Islamic Mourning Groups” changed its expressive and meaningful name to the rather awkward appellation of Jamʿiyat-e moʾtalefa-ye eslāmi (the Society of Islamic Coalition).

• JAMḴĀNA

  cross-reference

  See AḤL-E ḤAQQ.

• JAMKARĀN

  Jean Calmard

  village near Qom, located 6 km south of it on the Qom-Kashan highway. It includes the mazraʿas of Gorgābi (Hādi-Mehdi) and Zangābād, the ruins of Gabri castle, and the Jamkarān or Ṣāḥeb-al-Zamān mosque.

• JAMSHIDI TRIBE

  Christine Noelle-Karimi

  (Jamšidi) one of several semi-nomadic, Persian-speaking, Hanafite Sunni groups of northwestern Afghanistan known as aymāq.

• JAMŠID

  Multiple Authors

  (or Jam), mythical king of Iran; Avestan Yima (Old Indic Yama), with the epithet xšaēta.

• JAMŠID B. MASʿUD ḠIĀṮ-AL-DIN KĀŠI

  cross-reference

  See KĀŠI.

• JAMŠID i. Myth of Jamšid

  PRODS OKTOR SKJÆRVØ

  In the Avesta, he ruled the world in a golden age; he saved living beings from a natural catastrophe by preserving specimens in his var- (fortress); he possessed the most Fortune among mortals, but lost it and his kingship as a consequence of lying.