Table of Contents

  • INDO-SCYTHIAN DYNASTY

    R. C. Senior

    from Maues, the first (Indo-)Scythian king of India (ca. 120-85 BCE) to the mid-1st century CE. When precisely and under what circumstances Maues arrived in India is uncertain, but the expulsion of the Scythian (Saka/Sai) peoples from Central Asia is referred to in the Han Shu, where the cause given is their confrontation with the Ta Yüeh-chih, themselves undergoing an enforced migration.

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  • INDRA

    W. W. Malandra

    the name of a minor demon (daēwa) in the Avesta, In sharp contrast to the Indra of the Ṛgveda [RV], the most celebrated god (devá) of the Vedic pantheon.

  • INDUS RIVER

    cross-reference

    See INDIA ii.

  • INDUSTRIALIZATION

    Hassan Hakimian, M. Karshenas and H. Hakimian, Parvin Alizadeh

    : the foundation and development of modern industries in 20th-century Iran. Although generally characterized as an oil economy, Iran has a relatively rich history of industrialization going back to the early 20th century.

  • INDUSTRIALIZATION i. THE REZA SHAH PERIOD AND ITS AFTERMATH, 1925-53

    Hassan Hakimian

    Prior to the 1920s, traditional crafts dominated the industrial scene in Iran; and, despite a growing interest in industrial modernization after the 1870s, the role of industry remained very limited.

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  • INDUSTRIALIZATION ii. THE MOHAMMAD REZA SHAH PERIOD, 1953-79

    M. Karshenas and H. Hakimian

    After the 1953 coup and the resumption of concessionary oil agreements in 1954, revenues from the oil sector grew at an unprecedented pace.

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  • INDUSTRIALIZATION iii. THE POST-REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD, 1979-2000

    Parvin Alizadeh

    The first phase spans the 1980s covering the period from the 1979 Revolution to the end of the 1980s (including the war with Iraq during 1980-88).

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  • INDUSTRY, TRADITIONAL

    cross-reference

    See CRAFTS.

  • INFLUENZA

    A. A. Afkhami

    In Persia, the first established evidence of influenza’s visitation dates back to the summer of 1833, when it erupted with great virulence in Tehran.

  • INHERITANCE

    Multiple Authors

    i. Sasanian period. ii. Islamic period.