Table of Contents

  • ISLAM IN IRAN ix. THE DEPUTIES OF MAHDI

    Verena Klemm

    according to Twelver Shiʿite tradition, the four intermediaries between the Hidden Imam and the faithful during his “Minor Occultation,” 874-941 CE.

  • ISLAM IN IRAN x. THE ROOTS OF POLITICAL SHIʿISMs

    Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi

    By “political Shiʿism” we mean here the politicization of theological and legal doctrines of Twelver Shiʿism among some thinkers, in order to make of these doctrines an ideology of legitimization of religious authority and power.

  • ISLAM IN IRAN xi. JIHAD IN ISLAM

    David Cook

    The term jihad (Ar. jehād “struggle, striving”) occurs (either in its root or derivatives) about forty times in the Qurʾān with the secondary, but dominant, meaning of “regulated warfare with divine sanction.”

  • ISLAM IN IRAN xii. MARTYRDOM IN ISLAM

    Cross-Reference

    Forthcoming online.

  • ISLAM IN IRAN xiii. ISLAMIC POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN 20TH CENTURY IRAN

    Ahmad Ashraf

    New Islamic political movements first emerged in the Near East, the Indian Subcontinent, and Indonesia in the middle of the 19th century.

  • ISLAM IN IRAN xiv - xviii

    Cross-Reference

  • ISMAʿILISM

    Multiple Authors

    a major Shiʿite Muslim community. The Ismaʿilis have had a long and eventful history dating back to the middle of the 2nd/8th century when the Emāmi Shiʿis split into several groups.

  • ISMAʿILISM i. ISMAʿILI STUDIES

    Farhad Daftary

    In its modern and scientific form, dating to the 1930s, Ismaʿili studies represents one of the newest fields of Islamic studies.

  • ISMAʿILISM ii. ISMAʿILI HISTORIOGRAPHY

    Farhad Daftary

    The general lack of Ismaʿili interest in historiography is well attested by the fact that only a few works of historical nature have been found in the rich corpus of Ismaʿili literature.

  • ISMAʿILISM iii. ISMAʿILI HISTORY

    Farhad Daftary

    On the death of Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq in 148/765 his followers from among the Imami Shiʿites split into six groups, of which two may be identified as proto-Ismaʿilis or earliest Ismaʿilis.

  • ISMAʿILISM iv - x

    cross-reference

  • ISMAʿILISM xi. ISMAʿILI JURISPRUDENCE

    Ismail K. Poonawala

    The Ismaʿili system of jurisprudence was founded after the establishment of the Fatimid dynasty in North Africa.

  • ISMAʿILISM xii. ISMAʿILI HADITH

    Cross-Reference

    See HADITH iii.

  • ISMAʿILISM xiii. ISMAʿILI LITERATURE IN PERSIAN AND ARABIC

    Ismail K. Poonawala

    Ismaʿili literature (all the written products of scholarly disciplines delineated by learning, religion, and science) refers to the literary production of more than a millennium.

  • ISMAʿILISM xiv. ISMAʿILISM IN GINĀN LITERATURE

    Ali Sultaan Ali Asani

    Nezāri Ismaʿili texts from the Indian Subcontinent exhibit an adaptive response to the region’s complex religious, literary, and cultural environment.

  • ISMAʿILISM xv. NEZĀRI ISMAʿILI MONUMENTS

    Peter Willey

    The principal monuments of the Nezāri Ismaʿili state, which also defined and defended its boundaries, were the exceptionally well-constructed and provisioned castles.

  • ISMAʿILISM xvi. MODERN ISMAʿILI COMMUNITIES

    Azim Nanji and Zulfikar Hirji

    The Ismaʿilis consist of two main branches—the Nezāri Ismaʿilis and the Mustaʿlian Ṭayyebi Ismaʿilis. Both have their roots in the Fatimid period of Ismaʿili history.

  • ISMAʿILISM xvii. THE IMAMATE IN ISMAʿILISM

    Azim Nanji

    in common with all major Shiʿite groups, the Ismaʿilis believe that the Imamate is a divinely sanctioned and guided institution.

  • ISRAEL

    Multiple Authors

    : relations with Iran. OVERVIEW of the entry: i. Diplomatic and political relations. ii. The Jewish Persian community: forthcoming. iii. Iranian Studies in Israel: forthcoming. iv. Persian art collections in Israel: forthcoming.

  • ISRAEL i. RELATIONS WITH IRAN

    David Menashri, Trita Parsi

    The relationship between Israel and Iran has, since the very inception of the Jewish state in 1948, been a complex function of Iran’s geo-strategic imperatives as a non-Arab, non-Sunni state.