Table of Contents

• Isfahan Mode

  Cross-Reference

  a dastgāh in Persian music. See BAYĀT-E EṢFAHĀN.

• ISFAHAN SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY

  Sajjad H. Rizvi

  term coined to describe a philosophical and mystical movement patronized by the court of Shah ʿAbbās I (r. 1588-1629), centered in the new Safavid capital of Isfahan.

• ISIDORUS OF CHARAX

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  author of the Stathmoì Parthikoí (in Latin Mansiones Parthicae) “Parthian Stations,” which is the only Greek text preserved at all of the genre of the itinerary or route description.

• IŠKATA

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  in the Avesta the name of a mountain and of the land (situated in the Hindu Kush region) which is dominated by this mountain.

• ISLAM AKHUN

  Ursula Sims-Williams

  (Eslām-āḵūn), treasure-seeker and swindler active in Khotan and neighboring areas between 1894 and 1901, best known, however, as an adept forger of manuscripts and block prints. He was eventually unmasked by Sir Aurel Stein (1862-1943) in 1901.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ISLAM IN IRAN i - iv

  Multiple Authors

  The following series of articles provide an overview of some historical, contemporary, and especially political aspects of the topic that are of special interest and relevance in the world today.

• ISLAM IN IRAN v. MESSIANIC ISLAM IN IRAN

  Abbas Amanat

  Messianism is one of the most powerful, diverse and enduring expressions of Islam in Iran throughout its long history.

• ISLAM IN IRAN vi. THE CONCEPT OF MAHDI IN SUNNI ISLAM

  Said Amir Arjomand

  The Savior is a descendant of the Prophet whose expected return to rule the world will restore justice, peace, and true religion.

• ISLAM IN IRAN vii. THE CONCEPT OF MAHDI IN TWELVER SHIʿISM

  Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi

  Mahdism in Twelver Shiʿism inherited many of its elements from previous religious trends.

• ISLAM IN IRAN viii. THE OCCULTATION OF MAHDI

  cross-reference

  See ḠAYBA.

• ISLAM IN IRAN ix. THE DEPUTIES OF MAHDI

  Verena Klemm

  according to Twelver Shiʿite tradition, the four intermediaries between the Hidden Imam and the faithful during his “Minor Occultation,” 874-941 CE.

• ISLAM IN IRAN x. THE ROOTS OF POLITICAL SHIʿISMs

  Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi

  By “political Shiʿism” we mean here the politicization of theological and legal doctrines of Twelver Shiʿism among some thinkers, in order to make of these doctrines an ideology of legitimization of religious authority and power.

• ISLAM IN IRAN xi. JIHAD IN ISLAM

  David Cook

  The term jihad (Ar. jehād “struggle, striving”) occurs (either in its root or derivatives) about forty times in the Qurʾān with the secondary, but dominant, meaning of “regulated warfare with divine sanction.”

• ISLAM IN IRAN xii. MARTYRDOM IN ISLAM

  Cross-Reference

  Forthcoming online.

• ISLAM IN IRAN xiii. ISLAMIC POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN 20TH CENTURY IRAN

  Ahmad Ashraf

  New Islamic political movements first emerged in the Near East, the Indian Subcontinent, and Indonesia in the middle of the 19th century.

• ISLAM IN IRAN xiv - xviii

  Cross-Reference

• ISMAʿILISM

  Multiple Authors

  a major Shiʿite Muslim community. The Ismaʿilis have had a long and eventful history dating back to the middle of the 2nd/8th century when the Emāmi Shiʿis split into several groups.

• ISMAʿILISM i. ISMAʿILI STUDIES

  Farhad Daftary

  In its modern and scientific form, dating to the 1930s, Ismaʿili studies represents one of the newest fields of Islamic studies.

• ISMAʿILISM ii. ISMAʿILI HISTORIOGRAPHY

  Farhad Daftary

  The general lack of Ismaʿili interest in historiography is well attested by the fact that only a few works of historical nature have been found in the rich corpus of Ismaʿili literature.

• ISMAʿILISM iii. ISMAʿILI HISTORY

  Farhad Daftary

  On the death of Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādeq in 148/765 his followers from among the Imami Shiʿites split into six groups, of which two may be identified as proto-Ismaʿilis or earliest Ismaʿilis.