Table of Contents
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ḤALABI, ABU'L-ṢĀLEḤ
Etan Kohlberg
Taqi-al-Din b. Najm-al-Din b. ʿObayd-Allāh b. ʿAbd-Allāh b. Moḥammad (b. 984-85, d. 1055), Imami jurist and theologian.
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ḤALABI, MAḤMUD
Mahmoud Sadri
(1900-1998), Shaikh, charismatic cleric and founder of the Ḥojjatiya Association whose primary objective was to meet the polemical challenge of the Bahai faith and the perceived danger of its aggressive missionary activity in Persia.
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ḤALĀL O ḤARĀM
Dana al-Sajdi
a pair of Islamic legal terms: ḥalāl meaning permissible, and ḥarām meaning prohibited. Both terms occur in the Koran numerous times.
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ḤĀLAT, ABU’L-QĀSEM
Hušang Etteḥād
Ḥālat is considered by some observers to be the greatest contemporary Persian satirical poet. His enormous success and mastery of satirical prose and, especially, poetry have sometimes earned him the titles of Malek-al-šoʿarāʾ, Sayyed-al-šoʿarāʾ, and Amir-al-šoʿarā.
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ḤĀLI, ALṬĀF ḤOSAYN
Cross-Reference
See Supplement.
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HALICARNASSUS
Bruno Genito
ancient town of Caria, near the present-day city of Bodrum in Turkey, once seat of a kingdom which was a tributary of Persia.
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HALIL RUD
M. H. Ganji
river in the Jiroft and Kahnuj districts of Kerman Province in southeastern Iran, which stretches a total length of 390 km.
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ḤALIM
Etrat Elahi
a traditional Persian breakfast dish for the winter, now served at lunch and dinner as well, made with lamb and wheat.
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ḤALIMI, LOṬF-ALLĀH
Tahsin Yazici
b. Abi Yusof, an Ottoman poet and lexicographer of Persian origin (d. 1516).
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ḤALLĀJ, ABU’L-MOḠIṮ ḤOSAYN
Jawid Mojaddedi
b. Manṣur b. Maḥammā Bayżāwi (857-922), popularly referred to in Persian literature as “Manṣur-e Ḥallāj,” controversial Arabic-speaking mystic from Fārs, whose execution has been considered a major turning-point in the history of Islamic mysticism.
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HALLOCK, RICHARD TREADWELL
Charles E. Jones and Matthew W. Stolper
(1906-1980), Elamitologist and Assyriologist, whose magnum opus, Persepolis Fortification Tablets, transformed the study of the languages and history of Achaemenid Persia.
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ḤALWĀ
Etrat Elahi
(Ar. ḥalwāʾ, Pers. ḥalwā “sweetmeat”), a generic term applied to various kinds of sweet dishes and fruits.
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HĄM.VAINTĪ
Bernfried Schlerath
Zoroastrian divinity “Victory,” only attested as a companion with Āxšti “Peace.”
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HAMADĀN
Multiple Authors
province, governorship, and city located in the Zagros region of western Persia.
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HAMADĀN i. GEOGRAPHY
Parviz Aḏkāʾi and EIr
Hamadān is one of the western provinces of Persia, situated to the southwest of Tehran between latitudes 33°59′ and 35°48′ N and longitudes 47°34′ and 49°36′ E. The city of Hamadān is located at an altitude of 1,645 m on the eastern slope of the Alvand massif. In the National Physical Plan (Ṭarḥ-e kālbodi-e melli), which divides the country into 10 regions, the province is identified as a part of the central Zagros sub-region.
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HAMADĀN ii. POPULATION
Habibollah Zanjani
A part of the population of Hamadān consists of migrating tribes. According to the census definition most parts of these tribes are considered as rural population and only a small part as non-sedentary. Nevertheless, census data provide some information concerning their number, tribal name and other social characteristics.
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HAMADĀN iii. HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY
Xavier de Planhol
The city of Hamadān lies at the extreme northwest of the series of major urban sites stretching along the line of contact between the Zagros range and the central plateau.
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HAMADĀN iv. URBAN PLAN
Abdolhamid Eshragh
Hamadān is the only city in Persia which has a star-shaped urban design, with six boulevards and a network of avenues autonomously branching out in various directions from the circular city center.
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HAMADĀN v. HISTORY, PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD
Cross-Reference
See ECBATANA.
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HAMADĀN vi. HISTORY, ISLAMIC PERIOD
Parviz Aḏkāʾi
At the end of 23/643, Jarir conquered Hamadān and its surroundings again by force, and made peace with the populace on terms similar to those of the Nehāvand settlement.
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