Table of Contents

• HYENA

  Steven C. Anderson

  Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758), Pers. kaftār. The striped hyena is the only current Asian representative of the mammalian family Hyaenidae. Principal threats to hyena populations today are vehicular traffic (since they scavenge road kills at night), wanton shooting, and secondary poisoning. The hyena is a protected species in Iran.

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• HYGIENE

  Cross-Reference

  See HEALTH IN PERSIA.

• HYMN OF THE PEARL

  J. R. Russell

  or Hymn of the Soul, a Syriac poem, of which an early Greek translation also exists, composed probably in the third century CE in the region of Edessa.

• HYPERBOLE

  N. Chalisova

  a figure (or figures) of speech in the classical Persian system of ʿelm al-badiʿ.

• HYRCANIA

  cross-reference

  See GORGĀN v. Pre-Islamic history.

   

• HYSTASPES

  Cross Reference

  father of Darius I. See GOŠTĀSP.

• HYSTASPES, ORACLES OF

  Werner Sundermann

  (Gk. Khrēseis Hystaspou), a collection of prophecies ascribed to Vištāspa, the patron and follower of Zarathustra.

• Hāji Firuzi

  music sample

• Hālā čerā?

  music sample

• Ḥanā bandān in Kermān

  music sample