Table of Contents

• ḤĀFEẒ EṢFAHĀNI

  Parviz Mohebbi

  , Mawlānā Moḥammad, known as Moḵtareʿ (inventor), 15th-16th century engineer, summoned by the Timurid court of Sultan Ḥosayn Bāyqarā to construct a clock after a European model.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• ḤĀFEẒ-E ABRU

  Maria Eva Subtelny and Charles Melville

  (d. 1430), author of many historical and historico-geographical works in Persian, which were commissioned by Šāhroḵ, the Timurid ruler of Herat during the first decades of the 15th century.

• ḤĀFEẒ-E ʿAJAM

  Tahsin Yazıcı

  , HĀFEẒ-AL-DIN MOḤAMMAD, scholar of religion and author, renowned for his ability to write with speed and in an attractive style.

• HAFT

  A. Shapur Shahbazi

  (seven), the heptad and its cultural significance in Persian history. The number has been explained as the symbolic expression of a distinct culture.

• HAFT AMAHRASPAND YAŠT

  Antonio Panaino

  or simply Haf-tān yašt, the second hymn of the Avestan corpus. It is dedicated to the seven Zoroastrian entities and recited on the first seven days of the month.

• HAFT EQLIM

  Cross-Reference

  See HAFT KEŠVAR.

• HAFT KEŠVAR

  A. Shapur Shahbazi

  (seven regions), the usual geographical division of the world in Iranian tradition. Ancient Iranians  envisioned the world as vast and round and encircled by a high mountain (harā bərəzaitī: see ALBORZ). According to this tradition, the world was divided into seven (circular) regions.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• HAFT ḴOSRAVĀNI

  Ameneh Youssefzadeh

  the seven musical systems or modes attributed to Bārbad, the famous court musician of the Sasanian king Ḵosrow II Parvēz (r. 590-628).

• HAFT ḴᵛĀN

  Olga M. Davidson

  the title of two famous episodes in Ferdowsi’s Šāh-nāma, the Haft Ḵᵛān-e Rostam, and the Haft Ḵᵛān-e Esfandiār, describing seven exploits that each hero had to undertake.

• HAFT LANG

  Cross-Reference

  See BAḴTIĀRI TRIBE.