Table of Contents

• HISTORIOGRAPHY ix. PAHLAVI PERIOD

  Abbas Amanat, EIr

  Historiography of this period will be treated in two separate entries: (1) General survey of historical writings; and (2) Specific topics concerning historical works.

• HISTORIOGRAPHY ix. PAHLAVI PERIOD (1)

  Abbas Amanat

  The historical studies of this period are primarily about documenting Iran’s national identity.

• HISTORIOGRAPHY ix. PAHLAVI PERIOD (2)

  EIr

  a survey of contributions in the fields of chronology, calendar systems, religious history, and cultural continuity from pre-Islamic to the Islamic period, and a survey of the ultra-nationalistic current in historical writings in the Pahlavi period.

• HISTORIOGRAPHY x. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC.

  Cross-Reference

  See Supplement

• HISTORIOGRAPHY xi. AFGHANISTAN

  Christine Noelle-Karimi

  The historiography of the day not only bears witness to the perceptions current at the time but also was subject to reinterpretation as new historical predilections arose. The available historical accounts may thus be read on several levels.

• HISTORIOGRAPHY xii. CENTRAL ASIA

  Yuri Bregel

  The first Persian historical work produced in Central Asia (Transoxiana, Ḵʷārazm, Farḡāna, and Eastern Turkestan) was the 10th-century translation of the history of Ṭabari.

• HISTORIOGRAPHY xiii. THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

  cross-reference

  See INDIA xvi.

• HISTORIOGRAPHY xiv. THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

  Sara Nur Yildiz

  Ottoman historical works composed in Persian occupy an important place in the corpus of court-oriented Ottoman historical writing of the early and classical periods.

• HNČʿAK

  Aram Arkun

  colloquial term for members of the Social Democratic Hnčʿakean Party [SDHP], founded in Switzerland by Russian Armenians in 1887, with  branches in Persia, the Russian empire, the Ottoman empire, and elsewhere.

• ḤOBAYŠ B. EBRĀHIM B. MOḤAMMAD TEFLISI

  Tahsin Yazici

  author of numerous scientific works who lived in Anatolia (d. ca. 1203-04).

• ḤOḎEQ, JUNAYDOLLO MAḴDUM

  Keith Hitchins

  (ḤĀḎEQ, JONAYD-ALLĀH; b. mid-1780s; killed 1843), one of the leading Tajik poets of his time.

• HODGSON, MARSHALL GOODWIN SIMMS

  Saïd Amir Arjomand

  (1922-1968), prominent scholar of Islamic civilization and professor of history and social thought at the University of Chicago.

• HODIVALA, SHAHPURSHAH HORMASJI DINSHAHJI

  Kaikhusroo M. JamaspAsa

  (d. 1944), professor of literature, history, and political economy,  best known for his works on Parsi history and on numismatics.

• HODIVALA, SHAPURJI KAVASJI

  Kaikhusroo M. JamaspAsa

  (1870-1931), scholar of Avestan and Zoroastrian studies.

• ḤODUD AL-ʿĀLAM

  C. Edmund Bosworth

  a concise but very important Persian geography of the then known world, Islamic and non-Islamic, begun in 982-83 by an unknown author from the province of Guzgān (in northern Afghanistan).

• HOERNLE, AUGUSTUS FREDERIC RUDOLF

  Ursula Sims-Williams

  philologist of Indian languages and decipherer of Khotanese (1841-1918).

• HOFFMANN, KARL

  Johanna Narten

  Hoffmann was mainly interested in Indo-Iranian studies, which he did not conceive of as a mere combination of Indology and Iranian studies, but as a distinct subject comprising historical philology and comparative linguistics. His studies are essentially devoted to Vedic (in India) and to Avestan and Old Persian.

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• HOJIR

  A. Shapur Shahbazi

  in traditional Iranian history, a hero who guarded the Dež-e Sapid “White Fort” on the border of Iran and Turān.

• ḤOJJAT

  Maria Dakake

  (“proof or argument”), a term used as: (1) a line of argument in debate; (2) designation of the Shiʿite Imams;  (3) an epithet of the Twelfth Imam; (4) a high official in the Ismaʿili missionary activities

• ḤOJJAT-AL-ESLĀM

  Hamid Algar

  (lit. Proof of Islam), a title awarded to Shiʿite scholars, originally as an honorific but later as a means of indicating their status in the hierarchy of the learned.