Table of Contents

• ḤOSAYN BĀYQARĀ

  Hans R. Roemer

  the common designation for Sultan Abu’l-Ḡāzi Ḥosayn Mirzā b. Manṣur b. Bāyqarā, the last Timurid ruler of major importance in Khorasan (r. 1469-70 and 1470-1506).

• ḤOSAYN KARBALĀʾI

  Leonard Lewisohn

  TABRIZI BĀBĀ-FARAJI, popularly known as Ebn Karbalāʾi, a major Persian historian of Sufis and Sufism of 16th-century Persia and a poet (d. 1589).

• ḤOSAYN KHAN ĀJUDĀN-BĀŠI

  Ḥ. Maḥbubi Ardakāni

  probably the most important officer to hold the military rank of adjudant-en-chef (see ĀJŪDĀN-BĀŠI) during the Qajar period (d. ca.1866-67).

• ḤOSAYN KHAN KAMĀNČAKAŠ

  Ameneh Youssefzadeh

  a famous musician and a master of the kamānča, the chief traditional Persian string instrument played with a bow (d. 1934).

• ḤOSAYN KHAN MOQADDAM MARĀḠAʾI

  cross-reference

  See ĀJUDĀN-BĀŠI; NEẒĀM-AL-DAWLA.

• ḤOSAYN KHAN ŠĀMLU

  Roger M. Savory

  (d. 1535), b. ʿAbdi Beg Šāmlu, nephew of Shah Esmāʿil I, Safavid governor of Herat.

• ḤOSAYN SHAH ARḠUN

  cross-reference

  See ARGHUNID DYNASTY OF SIND in Supplement.

• ḤOSAYN-E KORD-E ŠABESTARI

  Ulrich Marzolph

  Persian popular romance narrating the exploits of a Kurdish warrior from Šabestar known solely by the name of Ḥosayn.

• ḤOSAYNI

  Bruno Nettl

  a guša (significant melodic unit) of the canonic repertory of Persian classical music (radif).

• ḤOSAYNI BALḴI

  ʿAbd-al-ḥayy Ḥabibi

  13th-century translator into Persian of Wāʿeẓ-e Balḵi’s no longer extant Arabic work, the Fażāʾel-e Balḵ.

• ḤOSAYNI DAŠTAKI ŠIRĀZI

  cross-reference

  See DAŠTAKI, AMIR JAMĀL-AL-DIN.

• ḤOSAYNIYA

  Jean Calmard

  buildings specifically designed to serve as venues for Moḥarram ceremonies commemorating the martyrdom of Ḥosayn b. ʿAli.

• ḤOSAYNIYA-YE MOŠIR

  Jean Calmard

  a ḥosayniya building in the Sang-e Siāh quarter of Shiraz, famous for its exquisite tile paintings.

• ḤOSAYNQOLI KHAN MĀFI

  Cross-Reference

  See NEẒĀM-AL-SALṬANA MĀFI, ḤOSAYNQOLI KHAN.

• ḤOSAYNQOLI KHAN SARDĀR-E IRAVĀNI

  George A. Bournoutian

  important governor in the early Qajar period (b. ca. 1742, d. 1831).

• ḤOSAYNQOLI, ĀQĀ

  Ameneh Youssefzadeh

  noted tār player and teacher (1853-1916). His performances were considered both technically brilliant and artistically exquisite. The regularity and force of the down and up strokes (rāst and čap) of his plectrum were much admired. He used a five-string tār and disapproved of the addition of the sixth string.

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• ḤOSN O DEL

  Ḏabiḥ-Allāh Ṣafā

  an allegorical work by Fattāḥi Nišāburi (1404-46), one of the best examples of rhyming prose in the Timurid period.

• ḤOSN-E TAʿLIL

  Natalia Chalisova

  (lit. “beauty of rationale”), “fantastic etiology,” a rhetorical device among the figures of ʿelm-e badiʿ (the science of rhetorical embellishment).

• HOSSEIN, ANDRÉ

  Iraj Khademi

  As a composer, Hossein was much inspired by traditional Persian music, and most of his works demonstrate this intellectual preoccupation. He knew the tār very well and could be considered one of the great tār players of his time. He began playing this instrument as a child, and later composed several works for it.

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• HOSSEINI, MANSOUREH

  Hengameh Fouladvand

  (1926-2012), pioneer modernist painter, writer, and gallerist, among the first Iranian artists who incorporated calligraphy in their modern works.

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• HOSTAGE CRISIS

  Mohsen M. Milani and EIr

  the events following the seizure of the American embassy in Tehran by leftist Islamist students in 1979 with subsequent wide-ranging repercussions on Iran’s domestic politics as well as on U.S.-Iran relations.

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• HOTZ, ALBERT PAUL HERMAN

  Cyrus Ala’i

  a Dutch trader, collector of artifacts, and author on Iran (1855-1930).

• HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

  cross-reference

  or parliament of Iran, the Majles. See CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION. 

   

  Unpublished as per M.A. email - 5/28/2014

• HOUSING IN IRAN

  Habibollah Zanjani

  This entry examines: (1) the growth of housing units during 1966-96; (2) housing policies adopted in various development plans and the results; (3) main characteristics of housing in Iran; and (4) investment in, and economics of, housing.

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• HOUTUM-SCHINDLER, ALBERT

  John D. Gurney

  (1846-1916), Sir, engineer and employee of the Persian government for over thirty years in the later 19th and early 20th centuries; he was both loyal and knowledgeable.

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• HOVEYDA, AMIR-ABBAS

  Abbas Milani

  (Amir ʿAbbās Hoveydā; 1919-1979), the longest serving prime minister in the modern history of Iran (1964-1977). His tenure  can be divided into two phases. In the 1960s, he was full of optimism and energy; in the 1970s he was characterized by cynicism, a clinging attachment to power and its perks, and an almost despondent air of resignation. What remained the same were his economic policies.

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• HUART, CLÉMENT

  Jean Calmard

  French orientalist (1854-1926), especially known as editor and translator of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish sources and prolific author of works covering many aspects of Oriental studies.

• HÜBSCHMANN, (JOHANN) HEINRICH

  Erich Kettenhofen and Rüdiger Schmitt

  Hübschmann felt himself to be an orientalist. Originally an Iranian scholar, through his fundamental studies he became also the founder of modern Armenian linguistics; for it was he who created a solid basis for future historical-comparative research in this field.

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• ḪUDIMIRI

  Inna Medvedskaya

  a peripheral district and city in Elam, mentioned only in the 7th century BCE, in the Assyrian sources during the reign of Ashurbanapal.

• HŪGAR

  cross-reference

  See ALBORZ.

• HŪITI

  cross-reference

  See AVESTAN PEOPLE.

• HUḴT

  Nassereddin Parvin

  monthly periodical published in Persian by Iranian Zoroastrians, 1950-84.

• HULĀGU KHAN

  Reuven Amitai

  fifth son of Tolui (and thus grandson of Čengiz Khan) and founder of the Il-khanid dynasty (b. ca. 1215, d. 1265).

• HUMAN MIGRATION

  Mehdi Amani and Habibollah Zanjani

  This subject includes three types of human migration in modern Iran: (1) migration within the country; (2) immigration of foreign nationals to Iran; and (3) emigration of Iranians to foreign countries.

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• HUMATA HŪXTA HUVARŠTA

  Mary Boyce

  three Avestan words which encapsulate the ethical goals of Zoroastrianism. In form verbal adjectives,  they were substantivized to mean “good thought, good word, good act.”

• HUMBAN

  cross-reference

  See ELAM vi.

• HUMOR

  J. T. P. de Bruijn

  The making of jokes. In the present article the focus will be on description and classification of the types of humor that can be found in Persian literary sources, mainly belonging to the classical period.

• HUMORALISM

  Amir Arsalan Afkhami

  (ṭebb-e jālinusi/ṭebb-e yunāni), or Galenism, a medical philosophy that considers illness as an imbalance in the body’s four elemental humors. which are identified as blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Each of these humors is believed to possess two natures: hot or cold and dry or moist.

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• HUMORS

  cross-reference

  See HUMORALISM.

• HUNGARY ii. Iranian and Persian Studies in Hungary

  Keith Hitchins

  The Polish diplomats and the literary professionals were among the first to study and translate Persian literary works in the 18th century Europe.

• HUNNIC COINAGE

  Michael Alram

  coins struck from the late fourth to the early eighth century by successive Central Asian invaders (so-called Iranian Huns) of northeastern Iran and northwestern India. It must be emphasized that our knowledge of these Central Asian nomads is, to a certain extent, still vague; and the research on their history is controversial.

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• HUNS

  Martin Schottky

  collective term for horsemen of various origins leading a nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle, thought to have descended from the Hsiung-nu, a nomadic people first mentioned in Chinese sources in 318 BCE.

• HUNTING IN IRAN

  Multiple Authors

  Persian has two terms for hunting, naḵjīr and šekār, both of which have spread beyond Iranian languages.

• HUNTING IN IRAN i. In the pre-Islamic Period

  A. Shapur Shahbazi

  Persian has two terms for hunting, naḵjīr and šekār, both of which have spread beyond Iranian languages. i. In the pre-Islamic Period.

• HUNTING IN IRAN ii. In the Islamic Period

  Cross-Reference

  See Supplement.

• HUNTINGTON, ELLSWORTH

  Ursula Sims-Williams

  American geographer (1876-1947). In Central Asia ihe collected extensive data and acquired several manuscripts and wooden documents in Kharoṣṭhī, Tibetan, Sanskrit, and Khotanese.

• HUR

  Nassereddin Parvin

  name of a newspaper (1943-45) and a bilingual (Persian and Armenian) monthly journal (1971-74).

• HÜSING, GEORG

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  versatile German scholar, whose fields included Old Iranian and Elamite studies (1869-1930).

• HUŠT

  Mary Boyce and Firoze Kotwal

  Zoroastrian-Persian term for the area (in known practice a town-quarter, a village, or a group of villages) assigned to a priest.

• HUŠYĀR ŠIRĀZI

  DARYOUSH ASHOURI

  Upon his return to Persia with his German wife, Sirazi was employed as professor in the newly established University of Tehran. As a devoted and enthusiastic educator and author, his life, until his early death, was spent on energetically teaching his students and on introducing certain texts of German literature to Persian readers.

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