Table of Contents

• HUTAOSA

  cross-reference

  See ATOSSA.

• HUTH, GEORG

  Michael Knüppel

  (1867-1906) German Indologist, Tibetologist, Tugusologist, Mongolist, and the founder of Tibetology as a field of research at German universities.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• HUTUXŠ

  cross-reference

  and HUTUXŠBED, artisans as a class and the chief of artisans in Sasanian society. See CLASS SYSTEM ii.

• HUVIŠKA

  A. D. H. Bivar

  ruler of the Great Kushan lineage, successor of Kaniška I the Great, known chiefly from inscriptions and from a prolific coinage. He reigned from at least the year 28 to 60 of the Kaniška Era, equivalent to 154-86 CE.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• HUZWĀREŠ

  D. Durkin-Meisterernst

  a term describing the use of Semitic word masks in Middle Persian texts, written in the official orthography of the Sasanian state and surviving in Zoroastrian texts, and a small number of inscriptions, and letters.

• HVARCIERA

  cross-reference

  See XWARČIHR.

• HYDARNES

  Rüdiger Schmitt

  (Gk. Hydárnēs), rendering of the Old Persian male name Vidṛna held by several historical persons of the Achaemenid period.

• HYDE, THOMAS

  A. V. Williams

  (1636-1703), D.D., English orientalist, Professor of Arabic and Hebrew in the University of Oxford, the first scholar to attempt to write a comprehensive description of the religion of Zoroaster.

• HYDERABAD

  Gavin Hambly, Deborah Hutton

  (Ḥaydarābād), city in the Deccan of India, the former capital of the Nizams (Neẓāms) of Hyderabad (ca. 1724-1948) and at present the state capital of Andhra Pradesh in southern India. It had a three and a half century history as one of the major Muslim states and as a center of Indo-Persian culture in the subcontinent.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• HYDROLOGY

  Multiple Authors

  i. Iranian plateau. ĀB. ii. Southwestern Persia. iii. Afghanistan. From a hydrological perspective, southwestern Persia must be considered as part of the Persian Gulf drainage region. Extending over an area of more than 350,000 km², its main drainage area covers the central and southwestern Zagros mountain areas with their extremely complex geomorphology.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• HYENA

  Steven C. Anderson

  Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758), Pers. kaftār. The striped hyena is the only current Asian representative of the mammalian family Hyaenidae. Principal threats to hyena populations today are vehicular traffic (since they scavenge road kills at night), wanton shooting, and secondary poisoning. The hyena is a protected species in Iran.

  This Article Has Images/Tables.

• HYGIENE

  Cross-Reference

  See HEALTH IN PERSIA.

• HYMN OF THE PEARL

  J. R. Russell

  or Hymn of the Soul, a Syriac poem, of which an early Greek translation also exists, composed probably in the third century CE in the region of Edessa.

• HYPERBOLE

  N. Chalisova

  a figure (or figures) of speech in the classical Persian system of ʿelm al-badiʿ.

• HYRCANIA

  cross-reference

  See GORGĀN v. Pre-Islamic history.

   

• HYSTASPES

  Cross Reference

  father of Darius I. See GOŠTĀSP.

• HYSTASPES, ORACLES OF

  Werner Sundermann

  (Gk. Khrēseis Hystaspou), a collection of prophecies ascribed to Vištāspa, the patron and follower of Zarathustra.

• Hāji Firuzi

  music sample

• Hālā čerā?

  music sample

• Ḥanā bandān in Kermān

  music sample

• Harāy-āhang-e bolbol

  music sample

• Ḥazin

  music sample

• Hejāz

  music sample

• Hejāz, Bastenegār, Yaquluna, Čāhārpāre

  music sample

• Ḥeṣār (part 1)

  music sample

• Ḥeṣār (part 2)

  music sample

• Ḥeṣār (part 3)

  music sample

• Heydar Bābā

  music sample

• Hormozi Saʿid

  music sample

• Hosayn Khān - Segāh

  music sample

• Ḥosayni (1)

  music sample

• Ḥosayni (2)

  music sample

• Hosaynqoli - Shur

  music sample

• Hosaynqoli – Hajiani

  music sample

• Hymn of Fozieh

  music sample

• H~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS

  Cross-Reference

  list of all the figure and plate images in the letter H entries.