Table of Contents
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GARAMAIOI
Cross-Reference
See BĒT GARMĒ.
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ḠARB-ZADEGĪ
Cross-Reference
See Supplement.
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ḠARČESTĀN
C. Edmund Bosworth
name of a region in early Islamic times, situated to the north of the upper Harīrūd and the Paropamisus range and on the head waters of the Moṟḡāb.
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GARCIN DE TASSY
Cross-Reference
See Supplement.
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GARDANE MISSION
Jean Calmard
(1807-9), a diplomatic and military project between France and Persia which represented Napoleon’s last attempt to realize his Oriental ambitions. From late 1795, Persia became part of French projects against British India. From the renewal of Franco-Ottoman relations (June 1802), he sought information on Persia.
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GARDEN
Multiple Authors
referring to a garden estate, intended primarily for pleasure rather than permanent residence or production of crops, formally laid out, usually incorporating architectural elements, such as ornamental pools, gate-houses, and pavilions.
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GARDEN i. ACHAEMENID PERIOD
Mehrdad Fakour
Since the first millenium B.C.E., the garden has been an integral part of Persian architecture, be it imperial or vernacular.
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GARDEN ii. ISLAMIC PERIOD
Lisa Golombek
Donald Wilber’s study of the Persian garden remains the most comprehensive, to which should be added the articles by Ettinghausen and Pinder-Wilson in the proceedings of the Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the Islamic Garden.
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GARDEN iii. INFLUENCE OF PERSIAN GARDENS IN INDIA
Howard Crane
Traces of Sultanate period gardens in the Persian style survive around Delhi in the citadel (Kōṭlā) of the Tughluqid Fīrūzšāh III (1351-88) and at Vasant Vihar (14th century).
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GARDEN iv. BOTANICAL GARDENS
Borhan Riazi
In Persia there are only three botanical gardens (bāḡ-e gīāh-šenāsī) in the exact scientific sense of this term.