Table of Contents

  • GRIBOEDOV, ALEXANDER SERGEEVICH

    George Bournoutian

    (b. Moscow, 1794; k. Tehran, 1829), Russian writer, poet, and playwright, whose most famous work is the play Gore ot uma (Woe from wit).

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  • GRIGORIAN, Marcos

    Hengameh Fouladvand

    (Mārcos [better known as Marco] Grigoriān, b. Kropotkin, Russia, 5 December 1925; d. Yerevan, 27 August 2007), Iranian-Armenian artist, actor, teacher, gallery owner, and collector who played a pioneering role in the development of Iranian modern art.

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  • GRĪW

    Werner Sundermann

    a Middle Iranian word meaning “neck, throat” and “self, soul.”

  • GROTEFEND, GEORG FRIEDRICH

    Rüdiger Schmitt

    (b. Hannoversch-Münden, 1775; d. Hannover, 1853), German philologist and scholar of oriental studies.

  • GROUSSET, RENÉ

    Jacqueline Calmard-Compas

    (b. Aubais, Gard, France, 1885; d. Paris, 1952), French historian who based his wide-ranging research on the studies of the leading French orientalists of his time, and wrote works of synthesis on various aspects of Oriental history and culture.

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  • GRUMBATES

    Cross-Reference

    See CHIONITES.

  • GRUNDRISS DER IRANISCHEN PHILOLOGIE

    Rüdiger Schmitt

    (Encyclopaedia of Iranian Philology; Strassburg, 1895-1904, reprinted Berlin and New York, 1974), the first attempt to summarize the knowledge of all subjects concerning Iran — the languages and literatures, history and culture of Iran and the Iranian peoples — that had been achieved by the end of the 19th century.

  • GRÜNWEDEL, ALBERT

    Werner Sundermann

    (b. Munich, 1856; d. Lenggries, 1935), prominent German Indologist, Tibetologist, art scholar, and archeologist.

  • GRYUNBERG TSVETINOVICH, ALEKSANDR LEONOVICH

    Vladmir Kushev

    (b. St. Petersburg, 1930; d. St. Petersburg, 1995), Russian linguist who specialized in Iranian languages.

  • GUARDIAN COUNCIL

    A. Schirazi

    or Šurā-ye Negahbān; a powerful 12-member council with vast legislative and executive jurisdictions that forms a cornerstone of the Islamic Republic’s Constitution.