Table of Contents

• ḠAFFĀRĪ, MOḤAMMAD-EBRĀHĪM KHAN

  Kambiz Eslami

  (1859/60-1918), Qajar diplomat and minister during the reigns of the last four Qajar kings.

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• ḠAFFĀRĪ, NEẒĀM-AL-DĪN

  Kambiz Eslami

  (1844-1915), Qajar minister and engineer.

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• ḠAFFĀRĪ, ṢANĪʿ-AL-MOLK

  Cross-Reference

  See ABU’L-ḤASAN KHAN ḠAFFĀRĪ.

• GAFUROV, BOBODZHAN GAFUROVICH

  Boris A. Litvinsky

  (1908-1977), Tajik statesman, academician, and historian. His energy and administrative skills were instrumental in establishing Tajikistan’s first State University in 1948, and in inaugurating its national Academy of Sciences in 1951. In spite of his many administrative duties, he published more than 500 works in Russian, Tajik, and other languages.

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• GAGIK

  Cross-Reference

  See ARTSRUNI and BAGRATIDS.

• GĀH

  Mary Boyce

  a Middle Persian, Parthian, and New Persian word meaning either “place” or “time.”

• GĀH-ŠOMĀRĪ

  Cross-Reference

  See CALENDARS.

• GĀHAMBĀR

  Cross-Reference

  See GĀHĀNBĀR.

• GĀHĀNBĀR

  Mary Boyce

  Middle Persian name for the feasts held at the end of each of the six seasons of the Zoroastrian year.

• GAHĪZ

  Nassereddin Parvin

  weekly newspaper published in Kabul from January 1968 to April 1973, owned, edited, and published by Menhāj-al-Dīn Gahīz (1922-73), who was apparently assassinated by Soviet agents.