Table of Contents

  • GUKLĀN

    Pierre Oberling

    Turkmen tribal confederacy of the Gorgān region in northeastern Persia, the district of Qara Qalʿa in Turkmenistan, and the Ḵiva region in Uzbekistan.

  • ḠUL

    Mahmoud and Teresa P. Omidsalar

    designation of a fantastic, frightening creature in the Perso-Arabic lore.

  • GULBARGA

    Gavin R. G. Hambly

    or Golbargā; city and district in the central Deccan, India.

  • GULBENKIAN, CALOUSTE

    Jennifer Manoukian

    (1869-1955), Armenian oil financier, art collector, and philanthropist born in Lisbon.

    This Article Has Images/Tables.

  • GULF WAR and PERSIA

    Lawrence G. Potter

    the final conflict, which was initiated with United Nations authorization, by a coalition force from 34 nations against Iraq, with the expressed purpose of expelling Iraqi forces from Kuwait after its invasion and annexion on 2 August 1990.

  • GUMĒZIŠN

    D. N. Mackenzie

    a Middle Persian noun, spelled gwmycšn in Pahlavi and gwmyzyšn in Manichean script, meaning “mixing, mingling, mixture.”

  • GÜNDÜZLÜ

    Cross-Reference

    See TURKIC TRIBES.

  • GUNPOWDER

    Cross-Reference

    See BĀRUT.

  • GUNS, GUNNERY

    Cross-Reference

    See BĀRUT; FIREARMS.

  • GUR

    Cross-Reference

    See ARDAŠIR ḴORRA, FIRUZĀBĀD.

  • ḠUR

    C. Edmund Bosworth

    a region of central Afghanistan, essentially the modern administrative province (welāyat) of Ḡōrāt.

  • GUR-E AMIR

    Cross-Reference

    See SAMARQAND.

  • GUR-E DOḴTAR

    cross-reference

    See BOZPĀR.

  • GURĀN

    Pierre Oberling

    a tribe dwelling in the dehestān of Gurān, between Qaṣr-e Širin and Kermānšāh (Bāḵtarān), in Kurdistan.

  • GURĀNI

    D. N. Mackenzie

    comprises a group of similar North-west Iranian dialects which includes that of Kandula, 25 miles north-north-west of Kermānšāh, and Bāǰalānī, in the region around Zohāb and Qaṣr-e Šīrīn, with an offshoot among the Šabak, Ṣārlī, and Bāǰalān (Bēǰwān) villages east of the city of Mosul in Iraq.

  • GURDZIECKI, BOGDAN

    Rudi Matthee

    known in Persia as Bohtam Beg; Polish envoy of Georgian-Armenian origin and first permanent Polish resident in Safavid Persia (d. Moscow, 1700).

  • ḠURIĀN

    Cross-Reference

    See FUŠANJ.

  • GURKHAN

    Cross-Reference

    See QARA ḴETĀY; CENTRAL ASIA; TITLE OF RULERS.

  • GURUMU

    Cross-Reference

    See BĒṮ GARMĒ.

  • GUŠA

    Jean During

    lit. "corner" or "part"; a term in Persian music designating a unit of melody of variable importance, which occupies a special place in the development of one of the twelve modal systems (dastgāh or āvāz).