Table of Contents
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GELĪM
Cross-Reference
See KELIM; see also CARPETS v. Flat-woven carpets: Techniques and structures; and vii. Islamic Persia to the Mongols.
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GELPKE, RUDOLF
HERMANN LANDOLT
Rudolf Gelpke was educated at the universities of Basel, Zürich, and Berlin. He became a noted writer in his early twenties, and his novel Holger und Mirjam was published in Zürich in 1951. His interests in the Islamic world began after a visit to Tunisia in 1952.
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GELŠĀH
Cross-Reference
See GAYŌMART.
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GEMCUTTING
Parviz Mohebbi
(Pers. ḥakkākī); the first-known reference in Persian to gem cutting is found in an anonymous treatise on jewelry, Jowhar-nāma-ye neẓāmī.
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GENÇOSMAN, MEHMED NURÎ
Tahsın Yazici
(b. Ağın district of Elazığ, 1897; d. Istanbul, 1976), Turkish poet and translator of Persian works.
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GENDARMERIE
Stephanie Cronin
the first modern highway patrol and rural police force in Persia. The Government Gendarmerie (Žāndārmerī-e dawlatī) was established in 1910 by the second Majles and proved the most enduring in a series of official projects for the modernization of the armed forces under the leadership of foreign officers.
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GENDER RELATIONS i
Farzaneh Milani
Gender relations in Persia. Overview of article: i. In Modern Persia, ii. In the Islamic Republic.
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GENDER RELATIONS ii
Hammed Shahidan
ii. In the Islamic Republic.
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GENGHIS KHAN
Cross-Reference
See ČENGĪZ KHAN.
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GENIE
Mahmoud Omidsalar
name of a category of supernatural beings believed to have been created from smokeless fire and to be living invisibly side-by-side the visible creation.